Collaborative Research: HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) of Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases

表征温室气体的增加和分布的需要是大气成分和气候群落的一级科学目标。HIAPER极对极观测（HIPPO）项目将通过对流层深处的垂直剖面提供全球经向覆盖，使关键温室气体（如二氧化碳、CO2、一氧化碳和甲烷CH4）以及相关的长寿命示踪剂和比值（如氧/氮比、O2/N2）的全球收支得以关闭和反演。这套从北纬80度到南纬70度的化学测量，每隔大约6个月重复一次，将提供一个独特而确定的数据集，用于反演和其他碳循环气体的全球建模分析。观测到的半球温室气体浓度梯度对我们预测人为碳气体排放的命运至关重要。以前用于推断CO2表面通量、源和汇的化学传输模型研究通常局限于使用边界层CO2浓度。因此，现场实验将利用HIAPER G-V飞机平台为大气科学界提供的最新变革性能力。这项工作得到了美国国家科学基金会地球系统碳和水招标项目的支持，这是地球科学理事会提供的跨学科资助机会。

The need to characterize the increase and distribution of greenhouse gases is a first order scientific goal of the atmospheric composition and climate communities. The HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) program will provide global, meridional coverage, via vertical profiles throughout the depth of the troposphere enabling closure and inversion of global budgets of critical greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, CO2; carbon monoxide, CO; and methane, CH4), and related long-lived tracers and ratios (e.g. the oxygen/nitrogen ratio, O2/N2). This suite of chemical measurements, made from 80 N to 70 S, and repeated over approximately six monthly intervals, will provide a unique and definitive data set, to be used in inversion and other global modeling analyses of carbon cycle gases.Observed gradients in the hemispheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are critical to our ability to predict the fate of anthropogenic emissions of carbon gases. Previous chemical transport modeling studies used to infer CO2 surface fluxes, sources and sinks have been generally constrained to using boundary layer CO2 concentrations. The field experiments will thus take advantage of transformative capabilities newly available to the atmospheric science community provided by the use of the HIAPER G-V aircraft platform.This work is supported under the NSF Carbon and Water in the Earth System solicitation, an interdisciplinary funding opportunity from the Directorate of Geosciences.