Collaborative Research: Arctic time series measurements of atmospheric O2/N2 ratio, CO2 concentration, and CO2 isotopes in relation to changing carbon cycling and biogeochemistry

合作研究：大气 O2/N2 比率、CO2 浓度和 CO2 同位素与碳循环和生物地球化学变化相关的北极时间序列测量

• 批准号: 1922922
• 负责人: Ralph Keeling
• 金额: $ 207.89万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1922922&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Arctic; time; series

This project supports the continuation of long-term measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and related species such as oxygen (O2) via flasks collected at three Arctic sites. These measurements comprise the longest continuous geochemical records of several key atmospheric trace gases and have direct relevance for understanding climate changes and related changes in land and ocean ecosystems at high northern latitudes. CO2 not only is a critical greenhouse gas but its variations are diagnostic of photosynthesis and respiration of land ecosystems, such as tundra and forests, which support the food-web and health of Arctic ecosystems. Related measurements of atmospheric species, such as O2 and the isotopes of CO2, complement and expand this knowledge base. Previous measurements of atmospheric CO2 reveal clearly that dramatic changes have occurred in the cycling of carbon at high latitudes. Larger changes are likely to occur in the decades ahead and models alone cannot inform our understanding of those outcomes. Hence, atmospheric measurements comprise a key element of an observing system that will allow understanding of how fast and in what respect these systems are changing. This project not only continues long-term flask measurements but also initiates new atmospheric measurements through in situ instrumentation to be installed at Utqiagvik, Alaska. This project supports flask collections at Cold Bay and Utqiagvik, Alaska, and at Alert Station on Ellesmere Island. The flasks will be returned to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where they will be analyzed for CO2 concentration, the stable isotopes of CO2, and the O2/N2 and Ar/N2 ratios. The project will also support the installation and operation of an in situ O2/N2 analyzer system at Utqiagvik, Alaska. This new installation will enable the study of O2 exchanges with the nearby Chukchi, Beaufort, and Bering Seas based on the ability to resolve short-term signals of regional origin. Augmenting these data collection efforts, this project will support data analysis to detect and quantify long-term changes in the measured atmospheric trace gases, with a particular focus on changes in seasonal cycles. In addition, it will support comparisons between the observed variations in O2 at Utqiagvik with estimates of the expected variations simulated in state-of-the art numerical models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目支持通过在三个北极站点收集的烧瓶继续长期测量大气二氧化碳（CO2）和相关物种，如氧气（O2）。 这些测量包括几种关键大气痕量气体的最长连续地球化学记录，对于了解气候变化和北方高纬度地区陆地和海洋生态系统的相关变化具有直接意义。 二氧化碳不仅是一种重要的温室气体，而且其变化是陆地生态系统（如苔原和森林）光合作用和呼吸作用的特征，这些生态系统支持北极生态系统的食物网和健康。 对O2和CO2同位素等大气物种的相关测量补充和扩大了这一知识基础。 以前对大气中二氧化碳的测量清楚地表明，高纬度地区的碳循环发生了巨大的变化。 未来几十年可能会发生更大的变化，单靠模型无法让我们了解这些结果。 因此，大气测量是观测系统的一个关键要素，可以了解这些系统变化的速度和方向。 该项目不仅继续进行长期烧瓶测量，而且还通过将安装在阿拉斯加Utqiagvik的现场仪器启动新的大气测量。该项目支持在阿拉斯加的Cold Bay和Utqiagvik以及埃尔斯米尔岛的Alert Station收集烧瓶。 这些烧瓶将被送回斯克里普斯海洋研究所，在那里它们将被分析CO2浓度、CO2的稳定同位素以及O2/N2和Ar/N2比率。 该项目还将支持在阿拉斯加Utqiagvik安装和运行现场O2/N2分析系统。 这一新装置将使研究与附近的楚科奇，博福特，白令海的基础上，解决短期信号的区域起源。 为了加强这些数据收集工作，该项目将支持数据分析，以检测和量化所测量的大气痕量气体的长期变化，特别侧重于季节周期的变化。 此外，它将支持Utqiagvik观测到的O2变化与最先进的数值模型模拟的预期变化估计值之间的比较。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

An Atmospheric Constraint on the Seasonal Air‐Sea Exchange of Oxygen and Heat in the Extratropics

大气对季节性空气的限制——温带地区氧气和热量的海洋交换

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jc017510
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Morgan, Eric J.;Manizza, Manfredi;Keeling, Ralph F.;Resplandy, Laure;Mikaloff‐Fletcher, Sara E.;Nevison, Cynthia D.;Jin, Yuming;Bent, Jonathan D.;Aumont, Olivier;Doney, Scott C.
• 通讯作者: Doney, Scott C.

A mass-weighted isentropic coordinate for mapping chemical tracers and computing atmospheric inventories

用于绘制化学示踪剂和计算大气库存的质量加权等熵坐标

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-217-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Jin, Yuming;Keeling, Ralph F.;Morgan, Eric J.;Ray, Eric;Parazoo, Nicholas C.;Stephens, Britton B.
• 通讯作者: Stephens, Britton B.