Quasi-Lagrangian Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particle Development from Long-duration Balloon Platforms

摘要PI：Terry L. Deshler提案编号：0636946职务：长期气球平台上极地平流层云粒子发展的准拉格朗日测量极地平流层云（PSC）中的非均匀反应与南极春季臭氧的急剧损失有关。 卤素自由基，其来源于20世纪30年代开始使用的挥发性人为化合物，在阳光和各种固体和液体PSC颗粒，特别是那些携带氮的颗粒存在下，将臭氧催化转化为双原子氧。 从理论和观测的角度来看，仍然不清楚的是关键的PSC颗粒（包括硝酸三水合物（NAT））是如何以及何时形成的。 极地项目办公室，南极科学司，海洋气候系统项目已经取得了这个奖项，以利用超压气球平台，其轨迹是沿着固定的大气密度，采样的PSC粒子发生在南极极涡。 两种类型的光学粒子传感器，一种是基于白色光，另一种是基于激光，将被优化并部署在长时间气球上（30-90天），这些气球将由法国国家空间研究中心从麦克默多发射，作为法国-美国CONCORDIASI国际极地年计划的一部分。 成对的传感器将提供基本的尺寸分数和分布信息，其沿着温度测量应提供对各种PSC颗粒形成的条件的洞察。 2005年VORCORE超压气球计划的经验表明，即使工作周期受到电源可用性的限制，传感器也很可能在每次使命期间遇到足够低的温度，以利于NAT、液体气溶胶和冰的形成。 从两个仪表飞行任务的这种观察，预计将提供前所未有的深入了解原位PSC粒子形成所需的条件。 结果将与基于卫星和地面（激光雷达）的气溶胶测量以及模型预测进行比较，以提高对PSC云形成的理解。 拟议的项目建立在国家科学基金会主要研究基础设施赠款的PI开发和测试云粒子传感器。更广泛的影响：该项目利用了IPY与法国的合作，法国提供了气球平台，包括发射，控制和数据通信系统。 拟议的项目补充了CONCORDIASI IPY计划所要解决的科学问题，该计划的主要目标是校准卫星上的气象传感器。 一名研究生将得到该项目的支持。 九名研究小组成员中有三名是女性（包括coPI），因此，在大气科学中代表性不足的小组成员将得到支持。

AbstractPI: Terry L. DeshlerProposal Number: 0636946Title: Quasi-Lagrangian Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particle Development from Long-Duration Balloon PlatformsIt has been well established that heterogeneous reactions in polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are implicated in dramatic losses of ozone over Antarctica in austral spring. Halogen radicals, which originate from volatile anthropogenic compounds that began to be used in the 1930's, catalytically convert ozone to biatomic oxygen in the presence of sunlight and various solid and liquid PSC particles, particularly those bearing nitrogen. What remains unclear from both a theoretical and observational standpoint is exactly how and when key PSC particles, including nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), form. The Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Science Division, Ocean & Climate Systems Program has made this award to take advantage of super pressure balloon platforms, whose trajectories are along fixed atmospheric density, to sample the PSC particles that occur in the Antarctic polar vortex. Two types of optical particle sensors, one white light and the other laser based, are to be optimized and deployed on long duration balloons (30-90 days) to be launched from McMurdo by the French agency CNES as part of the French-US CONCORDIASI International Polar Year program. The paired sensors will provide basic size fraction and distribution information that along with temperature measurements should provide insight into the conditions under which various PSC particles form. Experience from the VORCORE super pressure balloon program in 2005 indicates that even with duty cycles restricted by power availability, the sensors are highly likely to encounter low enough temperatures to favor NAT, liquid aerosols and ice formation for many 10's of hours during each mission. Such observations from two instrumented missions are expected to lend unprecedented insight into conditions required for in situ PSC particle formation. The results will be compared to satellite and ground (LIDAR) based aerosols measurements as well as model predictions to improve understanding of PSC cloud formation. The proposed project builds on an NSF major research infrastructure grant to the PI to develop and test the cloud particle sensors. Broader impacts: This project leverages the IPY collaboration with the French who are providing the balloon platforms including their launch, control and data communications system. The proposed project compliments the science to be addressed by the CONCORDIASI IPY program, the primary objective of which is to calibrating satellite born meteorological sensors. A graduate student is to be supported by this project. Three of the nine research group members are female (including the coPI) and so members of an underrepresented group in atmospheric sciences are to be supported.