Quasi-Lagrangian Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particle Development from Long-duration Balloon Platforms

标题：长时间气球平台极地平流层云粒子发展的准拉格朗日测量已经证实，极地平流层云(PSCs)中的非均匀反应与南极洲春季臭氧的急剧减少有关。卤素自由基起源于挥发性的人为化合物，始于20世纪30年代的S，它在阳光和各种固体和液体PSC粒子，特别是那些含有氮的粒子的存在下，催化臭氧转化为双原子氧。从理论和观测的角度来看，目前尚不清楚的是，包括三水硝酸(NAT)在内的关键PSC粒子到底是如何以及何时形成的。海洋与气候系统计划南极科学部极地方案办公室颁发这一奖项，以利用其轨迹沿固定大气密度的超高压气球平台，对南极极地涡旋中出现的PSC颗粒进行采样。两种类型的光学粒子传感器，一种是白光的，另一种是激光的，将被优化并部署在长时间气球上(30-90天)，由法国CNES机构从麦克默多发射，作为法美CONCORDIASI国际极年计划的一部分。配对的传感器将提供基本的粒度分数和分布信息，这些信息与温度测量一起应该可以深入了解各种PSC颗粒形成的条件。2005年VORCORE超压气球计划的经验表明，即使工作周期受到功率供应的限制，传感器在每次任务中极有可能遇到足够低的温度，从而有利于NAT、液体气溶胶和冰的形成，长达10英尺的时间。来自两个仪表化飞行任务的这种观测预计将使人们对就地形成PSC粒子所需的条件有前所未有的了解。结果将与基于卫星和地面(LIDAR)的气溶胶测量以及模型预测进行比较，以改善对PSC云形成的理解。拟议的项目建立在NSF向PI提供的主要研究基础设施赠款的基础上，以开发和测试云粒子传感器。更广泛的影响：该项目利用IPY与法国的合作，法国提供气球平台，包括他们的发射、控制和数据通信系统。这项拟议的项目是对CONCORDIASI IPY计划将要解决的科学问题的补充，该计划的主要目标是校准卫星携带的气象传感器。一名研究生将得到这个项目的资助。九名研究小组成员中有三名是女性(包括COPI)，因此大气科学中代表性不足的小组的成员将得到支持。

AbstractPI: Terry L. DeshlerProposal Number: 0636946Title: Quasi-Lagrangian Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particle Development from Long-Duration Balloon PlatformsIt has been well established that heterogeneous reactions in polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are implicated in dramatic losses of ozone over Antarctica in austral spring. Halogen radicals, which originate from volatile anthropogenic compounds that began to be used in the 1930's, catalytically convert ozone to biatomic oxygen in the presence of sunlight and various solid and liquid PSC particles, particularly those bearing nitrogen. What remains unclear from both a theoretical and observational standpoint is exactly how and when key PSC particles, including nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), form. The Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Science Division, Ocean & Climate Systems Program has made this award to take advantage of super pressure balloon platforms, whose trajectories are along fixed atmospheric density, to sample the PSC particles that occur in the Antarctic polar vortex. Two types of optical particle sensors, one white light and the other laser based, are to be optimized and deployed on long duration balloons (30-90 days) to be launched from McMurdo by the French agency CNES as part of the French-US CONCORDIASI International Polar Year program. The paired sensors will provide basic size fraction and distribution information that along with temperature measurements should provide insight into the conditions under which various PSC particles form. Experience from the VORCORE super pressure balloon program in 2005 indicates that even with duty cycles restricted by power availability, the sensors are highly likely to encounter low enough temperatures to favor NAT, liquid aerosols and ice formation for many 10's of hours during each mission. Such observations from two instrumented missions are expected to lend unprecedented insight into conditions required for in situ PSC particle formation. The results will be compared to satellite and ground (LIDAR) based aerosols measurements as well as model predictions to improve understanding of PSC cloud formation. The proposed project builds on an NSF major research infrastructure grant to the PI to develop and test the cloud particle sensors. Broader impacts: This project leverages the IPY collaboration with the French who are providing the balloon platforms including their launch, control and data communications system. The proposed project compliments the science to be addressed by the CONCORDIASI IPY program, the primary objective of which is to calibrating satellite born meteorological sensors. A graduate student is to be supported by this project. Three of the nine research group members are female (including the coPI) and so members of an underrepresented group in atmospheric sciences are to be supported.