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In Situ Measurements of Stratospheric Aerosol Size Distributions and Their Use in a New Aerosol Surface Area Climatology

平流层气溶胶尺寸分布的原位测量及其在新气溶胶表面积气候学中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
1011827
负责人：
Terry Deshler
金额：
$ 105.3万
依托单位：
University of Wyoming
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-01 至 2016-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1011827&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Situ Measurements Stratospheric Aerosol Size

项目摘要

This project is focused on vertical profile, surface to ~31 km, aerosol size and concentration measurements from Laramie, Wyoming (41°N, 106°W), and continuing the analysis of the new and historical record of stratospheric aerosol from Laramie, extending back to 1971, to refine what can be derived from the record and to make the measurements more useful to the modeling community. Stratospheric aerosol play important roles in the radiation and chemical balance of the stratosphere through scattering solar radiation and influencing both polar and mid latitude ozone. In the polar regions stratospheric aerosol provide the nuclei for polar stratospheric clouds, which activate chlorine. In the mid latitudes they influence ozone through their impact on the chlorine and nitrogen cycles. In addition to the direct measurements, other activities include: completing new comparisons between in situ and lidar measurements to update the backscatter to extinction and backscatter to surface area ratios available for lidar measurements; completing an analysis of in situ optical particle counter (OPC) and satellite (SAGE II) measurements to understand the source of an underestimation of SAGE II extinctions by OPC derived extinctions during non-volcanic periods; applying the SAGE II comparisons of extinction to refine the aerosol surface area derived from SAGE II measurements, which is approximately half that estimated from OPC measurements; using balloon platforms to facilitate the exploration of the two lowest layers of the Earth's atmosphere by middle and secondary school students and science teachers.

该项目的重点是怀俄明州拉勒米（北纬41°，西经106°）的垂直剖面、地表至约31公里、气溶胶大小和浓度测量，并继续分析拉勒米至1971年的平流层气溶胶新记录和历史记录，以完善从记录中得出的结论，使测量结果对建模界更有用。平流层气溶胶通过散射太阳辐射、影响极地和中纬度地区的臭氧，对平流层的辐射和化学平衡起着重要的作用。在极地地区，平流层气溶胶为极地平流层云提供核，使氯活化。在中纬度地区，它们通过影响氯和氮的循环来影响臭氧。除了直接测量外，其他活动包括：完成现场测量和激光雷达测量之间的新比较，以更新激光雷达测量可用的后向散射与消光比和后向散射与表面积比;完成对现场光学粒子计数器（OPC）和卫星（SAGE II）测量的分析，以了解非-火山期;应用SAGE II的消光比较，以改进SAGE II测量得出的气溶胶表面积，该表面积约为OPC测量估计值的一半;使用气球平台，以方便中学生和科学教师探索地球大气层的两个最低层。