Genome Evolution in Diploid and Polyploid Cotton

二倍体和多倍体棉花的基因组进化

• 批准号: 0638418
• 负责人: Jonathan Wendel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-10-01 至 2010-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0638418&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genome; Evolution; Diploid; Polyploid; Cotton

PI: Jonathan F. Wendel (Iowa State University)Co-PIs: Adah Leshem-Ackerman (Iowa State University), Andrew H. Paterson (University of Georgia), Rod A. Wing (Arizona State University)The amount of DNA in plant genomes is highly variable among species, ranging by over three orders of magnitude. Relatively little is understood about the mechanisms by which this enormous variation in genome size arises, yet this feature of plant genomes undoubtedly has fundamental importance to many areas of biology and to crop productivity. To redress this gap in our knowledge, this project will address the tempo (e.g., regular vs. episodic bursts), directionality (with respect to genomic contraction or expansion), and absolute scale of genome size change, over time, in a model system involving diploid and tetraploid cotton species. The cotton genus is particularly well-suited to addressing this work, but the insights gleaned will extend to all plants. In addition, the work has relevance to the productivity and quality of one of the nation's leading crops. The study involves sequencing the same genomic regions from species that have genomes that vary twofold in size, as well as from a tetraploid species (with double the number of chromosomes) that originated from an ancient natural merger of these two smaller genomes. By sequencing large amounts of DNA, and by employing complementary molecular analyses of chromosomes, the research will reveal the relative roles of the various molecular and genetic mechanisms that are thought to underlie genome size change. The research also will lead to an improved understanding of the organization and architecture of plant genomes that have a great deal of repetitive DNA, and will provide unparalleled insight into the evolutionary processes responsible for genome evolution. During the course of this project, a spectrum of activities will be implemented that will enhance and broaden scientific training of students at all levels, including K-12 educators. Access to project outcomesSequence data will be deposited immediately in GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The tools and resources developed through this project will be made available through the project web site, The Cotton Portal (http://gossypium.info).

PI：Jonathan F.温德尔（爱荷华州州立大学）合作PI：阿达Leshem-Ackerman（爱荷华州州立大学），安德鲁H。帕特森（格鲁吉亚大学），罗德A。Wing（亚利桑那州立大学）植物基因组中DNA的数量在物种之间变化很大，范围超过三个数量级。 相对而言，人们对基因组大小的巨大变化产生的机制知之甚少，但植物基因组的这一特征无疑对生物学的许多领域和作物生产力具有根本的重要性。 为了弥补我们知识上的这一差距，本项目将解决节奏问题（例如，规则的与偶发的爆发）、方向性（相对于基因组收缩或扩增）和基因组大小随时间变化的绝对规模。 棉花属特别适合解决这项工作，但所收集的见解将扩展到所有植物。 此外，这项工作还与美国主要农作物之一的生产力和质量相关。 该研究涉及对来自基因组大小变化两倍的物种的相同基因组区域进行测序，以及来自四倍体物种（染色体数量加倍）的相同基因组区域，该物种起源于这两个较小基因组的古代自然合并。 通过对大量DNA进行测序，并采用染色体的互补分子分析，该研究将揭示被认为是基因组大小变化基础的各种分子和遗传机制的相对作用。 该研究还将导致对具有大量重复DNA的植物基因组的组织和结构的更好理解，并将为基因组进化的进化过程提供无与伦比的洞察力。 在该项目实施过程中，将开展一系列活动，以加强和扩大对各级学生的科学培训，包括K-12教育工作者。 获得项目成果测序数据将立即存入GenBank（http：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/）。通过该项目开发的工具和资源将通过项目网站-棉花门户网站（http：//www.example.com）提供。