Comparative Evolutionary Genomics of Cotton

棉花的比较进化基因组学

• 批准号: 0211700
• 负责人: Jonathan Wendel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0211700&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Evolutionary; Genomics; Cotton

The convergence of modern genomic approaches with other areas of biology holds great promise for insights into central problems in development and evolution. One of the more vexing challenges has been to unravel the complex relationship between morphological and developmental change and evolutionary processes at the molecular level. In this project morphological, evolutionary, and genomic approaches will be integrated in an analysis of the genetic basis of the developmental transformations that occurred during cotton fiber evolution. By dissecting distinct stages in this morphological series, unparalleled insight will be gained into the genes involved in evolutionary transformations of cotton fiber during: (a) divergence among wild species; (b) early stages of domestication; (c) modern crop improvement; and (d) chromosome doubling. Cotton is unique in that four different species were independently domesticated from different wild ancestors, two each in the Old World and New Worlds. The former have two sets of chromosomes (they are "diploid") whereas this number is doubled (they are "polyploid") in the latter. By including all of these species, the research will detail the comparative genetics of plant domestication and the extent to which parallel selection has led to convergent or parallel patterns of gene expression change. In addition, the experiments will shed new light on the intriguing hypothesis that genome doubling has led to novel avenues for crop improvement. Additional experiments will reveal the patterns of genome size change among species that vary several-fold in genome size, and lead to insights regarding the molecular mechanisms responsible for this evolutionary change. In addition this project will contribute significantly to enhancement of the world's leading textile fiber through the development of important tools and resources necessary for long-term sustainability. These include an expanded set of expressed sequence tagged genes ("ESTs"); a "fingerprint map" for the cotton genome; an improved resource of bacterial artificial chromosomes ("BACs") for ready cloning of important cotton genes and other uses; and detailed information on gene expression for key stages in cotton fiber development. Human resources will also be developed, with special emphasis given to members of historically under-represented groups, through myriad connections to undergraduate and graduate education, K-12 and outreach efforts, and scientific exchanges.

现代基因组学方法与生物学其他领域的融合为深入了解发育和进化中的核心问题带来了巨大希望。 更棘手的挑战之一是在分子水平上揭示形态和发育变化与进化过程之间的复杂关系。 在这个项目中，形态学，进化和基因组的方法将被整合在棉花纤维进化过程中发生的发育转化的遗传基础的分析。 通过解剖这一形态学系列中的不同阶段，将获得对棉花纤维进化转化过程中所涉及的基因的无与伦比的洞察力：（a）野生物种之间的分歧;（B）驯化的早期阶段;（c）现代作物改良;（d）染色体加倍。 棉花的独特之处在于，四个不同的物种是从不同的野生祖先独立驯化的，其中两个分别来自旧世界和新世界。 前者有两套染色体（它们是“二倍体”），而后者的染色体数量是双倍（它们是“多倍体”）。 通过包括所有这些物种，研究将详细介绍植物驯化的比较遗传学，以及平行选择导致基因表达变化的趋同或平行模式的程度。 此外，这些实验将为基因组加倍为作物改良带来新途径这一有趣的假设提供新的线索。 其他实验将揭示基因组大小变化数倍的物种之间的基因组大小变化的模式，并导致有关负责这种进化变化的分子机制的见解。 此外，该项目将通过开发长期可持续发展所需的重要工具和资源，为增强世界领先的纺织纤维做出重大贡献。 这些包括一组扩展的表达序列标记基因（“EST”）;棉花基因组的“指纹图谱”;用于快速克隆重要棉花基因和其他用途的细菌人工染色体（“BAC”）的改进资源;以及关于棉花纤维发育关键阶段基因表达的详细信息。 还将开发人力资源，特别重视历史上代表性不足的群体的成员，通过与本科生和研究生教育，K-12和外联工作以及科学交流的无数联系。