Collaborative Research: How is Strain of the Eastern California Shear Zone Transferred Across the Garlock Fault?

相交的断层系统之间的相互作用可能是复杂的，并可能导致各种尺度上的复杂变形和叠印。在这方面特别感兴趣的一个地区是加利福尼亚州东部，那里是加利福尼亚州东部的剪切带(ECSZ)和加洛克断层的交汇处。ECSZ是一条100公里宽的北北西向走滑断裂带，其类型和方向与圣安德烈亚斯断裂相似；Garlock断裂是一条运动方向相反的大致东向的走滑断裂。加洛克已经结束了，而ECSZ的失误似乎在接近加洛克时结束了。尽管加洛克似乎是更连续的结构，但GPS和卫星信息似乎表明，与ECSZ相关的变形不断地穿过它。该项目正在研究这两个系统如何在中观和宏观尺度上相互作用。特别是，绘制与这两个构造系统有关的断层和褶皱领域的地图，目的是评估ECSZ的断层是否真的在到达加洛克之前结束(如果是的话)。地图也显示了加洛克是否像之前想象的那样连续。还在收集样本，以确定各种偏移地貌和地物的年龄。这提供了每个断层移动的速率。这一信息补充了显示断层如何结束的映射，因为运动损失可以与运动速度相关联。在一些地点，探地雷达被用来成像断层在地下的定位。这些信息也是评估运动速度的关键。通过收集所有这些不同类型的信息，该项目试图详细了解ECSZ和Garlock之间的相互作用，从而确定在复杂断层地区地壳是如何变形的。这对于了解北美西部地壳的整体形变是至关重要的。

The interaction of intersecting fault systems can be complex and can lead to complicated deformation and overprinting on structures at all scales. An area of particular interest in this regard is in eastern California where the Eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) and the Garlock fault intersect. The ECSZ is a 100 km wide belt of north-northwest trending strike-slip faults of similar type and orientation as the San Andreas fault; the Garlock fault a roughly east trending strike-slip fault of opposite sense of motion. The Garlock is through going whereas faults of the ECSZ seem to end as they approach the Garlock. Although the Garlock appears to be the more continuous structure, GPS and satellite information seem to show that deformation related to the ECSZ passes continuously across it. The project is investigating how these two systems interact at mesoscopic and macroscopic scales. In particular, mapping in the field of faults and folds related to both structural systems is aimed at assessing whether faults of the ECSZ do indeed end (and if so how) before reaching the Garlock. Mapping is also showing if the Garlock is as continuous as previously thought. Samples are also being collected to determine the ages of various offset landforms and surface features. This provides the rate at which each fault is moving. This information complements the mapping showing how the faults end in that the loss of motion can be correlated with the rates of motion. In some locations, Ground Penetrating Radar is used to image how faults are oriented in the subsurface. This information is also critical to assess the rates of motion. By the collection of all these different types of information, the project is attempting to understand in detail the interaction of the ECSZ and Garlock and thus determine how the crust of the earth deforms in areas of complicated faulting. This is critical to understanding the overall deformation of the crust in the western part of North America.