Building Globalization: Analyzing American Commercial Landscapes Abroad, 1880-1917

构建全球化：分析美国海外商业格局，1880-1917

• 批准号: 0647818
• 负责人: Mona Domosh
• 金额: $ 11.39万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0647818&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Building; Globalization; Analyzing; American; Commercial

Unlike the more formal imperialism that characterized international geopolitics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the United States engaged primarily in informal imperial relationships with Europe, Asia, and Africa. For the most part, it was American companies rather than American administrators or armies who "invaded" other countries. As a result, these "invasions" proceeded through and created different types of material expressions -- shops instead of military installations, office buildings instead of governor's palaces. Yet few scholars have examined the material/spatial impacts of American corporate expansion in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, thereby rendering invisible the important role of space as articulated in urban plans, commercial buildings, factory towns, and other forms in the maintenance of and resistances to economic power. This research project will examine the spatial aspects of American corporate expansion by focusing on the actual processes through which American companies created and sustained buildings throughout their "empire." The specific goals of this project are (1) to document the extent to which, and the spatial practices and processes through which, American commercial interests shaped the landscapes of cities/towns outside the United States in an era of early globalization and (2) to focus on the material aspects of economic expansion in order to understand the everyday practices through which American expansion occurred, was understood, and was countered. The investigator will focus on the material practices of American corporations in Russia, Scotland, India, and Argentina from 1880 to 1917 and will use a range of methods and materials. The general extent of American commercial spatial investments in these countries will be documented using secondary sources. By focusing on five to ten sites within each country, the actual practices and processes through which these spatial investments occurred and the meanings these buildings had for local peoples will be documented and examined using archival materials, particularly newspapers, municipal documents, photographs, and real estate records. Finally, field-based observations of extant structures will be used to "ground truth" the historical record. The project's results should help demonstrate the spatial impacts of American corporate expansion overseas in an early era of globalization.By providing an empirical accounting of the spatial processes through which American companies began to expand outside national boundaries, this project will contribute considerably to widening and deepening basic understanding of the makings of an American informal empire. It will document an early era of globalization and make more apparent the material character of geo-economic power. This analysis of the material character of early globalizing efforts will provide an important context in which to examine early 21st century globalizing processes. It will also provide new theoretical insights into the relationships among space, informal imperialism, and the maintenance of power.

与19世纪末和20世纪初国际地缘政治中更为正式的帝国主义不同，美国主要与欧洲、亚洲和非洲建立非正式的帝国关系。 在大多数情况下，是美国公司而不是美国行政人员或军队“入侵”其他国家。 因此，这些“入侵”继续进行，并创造了不同类型的物质表现形式----商店而不是军事设施，办公楼而不是总督府。 然而，很少有学者研究19世纪末和20世纪初美国企业扩张的物质/空间影响，从而使城市规划、商业建筑、工厂城镇和其他形式在维持和抵制经济实力方面所发挥的空间重要作用不可见。 本研究项目将通过关注美国公司在其“帝国”中创建和维持建筑的实际过程，来研究美国公司扩张的空间方面。“本项目的具体目标是：（1）记录在全球化初期，美国商业利益塑造美国以外城市/城镇景观的程度以及空间做法和过程;（2）重点关注经济扩张的物质方面，以了解美国扩张的日常做法，并被反击。 调查人员将重点关注美国公司在俄罗斯，苏格兰，印度和阿根廷的物质实践，从1880年到1917年，并将使用一系列的方法和材料。 美国在这些国家的商业空间投资的一般程度将使用二手资料进行记录。 通过重点关注每个国家的五到十个地点，将使用档案材料，特别是报纸、市政文件、照片和文件来记录和检查这些空间投资的实际实践和过程以及这些建筑对当地人民的意义。真实的房地产记录。 最后，对现存结构的实地观察将被用来“地面真相”的历史记录。 该项目的结果将有助于展示全球化早期美国企业海外扩张的空间影响。通过对美国企业开始向境外扩张的空间过程进行实证分析，该项目将大大有助于扩大和深化对美国非正式帝国的基本认识。 它将记录全球化的早期，并使地缘经济力量的物质特征更加明显。 这种对早期全球化努力的物质特征的分析将为研究21世纪世纪早期的全球化进程提供一个重要的背景。 它还将为空间、非正式帝国主义和权力维持之间的关系提供新的理论见解。