Doctoral Dissertation Research: Valuing Property

博士论文研究：财产估价

• 批准号: 0648083
• 负责人: Kim Lane Scheppele
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0648083&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Valuing; Property

Title: Doctoral Dissertation Grant: Valuing Property. Co-PI's: Kim Scheppele and Debbie BecherProposal Number: 0648083AbstractSince the U.S. Supreme Court case Kelo v. City of New London (2005), which found the use of eminent domain for an economic development project constitutional, there has been substantial political controversy over eminent domain nationwide. Reform legislation has already been passed by 34 state legislatures and 10 state ballot initiatives. Concerns about whether poor and minority communities are helped or hurt, about whether private developers take advantage of cash-strapped governments, and about whether government respects ownership rights have been raised. Yet the post-Kelo debate has revealed how little we know about how "takings" power is practiced. A report produced for Congress by the Government Accountability Office (November 2006) is titled "Eminent Domain: Information....Is Limited." This dissertation will provide an in-depth case study of how eminent domain is used for urban economic development and offer a pre-Kelo benchmark as well as suggestions and templates for future comparative research. It will also use eminent domain to understand how theoretical conflicts among different conceptions of private property and government action in the market are resolved in practice. This study focuses on three sets of empirical questions of eminent domain practice in Philadelphia, where the Redevelopment Authority of the City of Philadelphia has acquired thousands of properties for urban redevelopment over the last few decades. (1) When does government exercise eminent domain power for urban redevelopment? For what purposes? For which properties? (2) What affects the outcomes of eminent domain proceedings (acquiescence, agreement, or contestation by the property owner and/or government abandonment of project)? If contestation is the outcome, what is the result (negotiated settlement, litigation, or government abandonment of the project)? (3) How is "just compensation" for property determined, and how does it contribute to the outcomes of the "taking"? Documentary evidence and interview data will reveal the contours of policy dilemmas involved in how Philadelphia and other urban governments decide to use their eminent domain power for redevelopment. Quantitative data on the "takings" that were proposed by the Redevelopment Authority of the City of Philadelphia from 1995-2005 and the results of these proposals will reveal the scope and variation of these decisions. A smaller set of purposefully sampled cases will be investigated more thoroughly with extensive interviews, observations, and archival evidence to reconstruct the complexity of the taking of particular properties and the perspectives of actors involved. These case studies will answer important practical questions about many of the motivating factors and outcomes for the use of eminent domain in contemporary cities. This project will help us understand how urban governments make decisions with respect to property and how their constituents perceive the legitimacy of those decisions. Policy-makers and community activists - concerned either with stemming government abuse of power or with using government power to accomplish community development - will gain tools to understand and communicate about the many interests and perspectives involved in this difficult issue. Theoretically, eminent domain offers an important strategic opportunity for studying how government and the economy intersect through legal practice. This project aims to develop a theoretical account of how contestation and cooperation between government and business is managed in everyday practice through conceptions of property and the law. Three groups, academics, policy-makers, and the wider public, have been demanding more information about eminent domain since Kelo. The results of the study will be drafted for and disseminated to all three audiences.

标题：博士论文资助：评估财产。联合首席执行员：Kim Scheppele 和 Debbie Becher 提案编号：0648083 摘要 自美国最高法院 Kelo 诉新伦敦市案（2005 年）认定经济发展项目使用征用权符合宪法以来，全国范围内就征用权引发了重大政治争议。 改革立法已获得 34 个州立法机构和 10 个州投票动议的通过。 人们对贫困和少数族裔社区是否受到帮助或伤害、私人开发商是否利用资金短缺的政府以及政府是否尊重所有权等问题提出了担忧。 然而，后凯洛时代的辩论表明，我们对如何“夺取”权力知之甚少。 政府问责办公室向国会提交的一份报告（2006 年 11 月）的标题是“征用权：信息……有限”。 本论文将对征用权如何用于城市经济发展进行深入的案例研究，并提供 Kelo 之前的基准以及未来比较研究的建议和模板。 它还将使用征用权来理解不同的私有财产概念和政府在市场中的行为之间的理论冲突如何在实践中得到解决。 本研究重点关注费城征用权实践的三组实证问题，费城市重建局在过去几十年中已收购了数千处房产用于城市重建。 （1）政府何时行使城市重建征用权？ 出于什么目的？ 对于哪些属性？ (2) 什么影响征用权诉讼的结果（业主的默许、同意或争议和/或政府放弃项目）？ 如果结果是争议，那么结果是什么（谈判解决、诉讼或政府放弃该项目）？ （3）财产的“公正补偿”是如何确定的，它对“夺取”的结果有何贡献？ 文件证据和访谈数据将揭示费城和其他城市政府如何决定利用其征用权进行重建所涉及的政策困境的轮廓。 费城重建局 1995 年至 2005 年期间提出的“征收”的定量数据以及这些建议的结果将揭示这些决定的范围和变化。 将通过广泛的访谈、观察和档案证据对一小部分有目的的抽样案件进行更彻底的调查，以重建夺取特定财产的复杂性和相关行为者的观点。 这些案例研究将回答有关当代城市征用权使用的许多激励因素和结果的重要实际问题。 该项目将帮助我们了解城市政府如何做出有关财产的决策以及其选民如何看待这些决策的合法性。 政策制定者和社区活动家——无论是关心阻止政府滥用权力还是关心利用政府权力实现社区发展——将获得工具来理解和交流这一难题所涉及的许多利益和观点。 从理论上讲，征用权为研究政府与经济如何通过法律实践交叉提供了重要的战略机遇。 该项目旨在对如何通过财产和法律的概念在日常实践中管理政府与企业之间的竞争与合作进行理论解释。 自 Kelo 以来，学术界、政策制定者和广大公众这三个群体一直要求提供有关征用权的更多信息。 研究结果将为所有三个受众起草并向其传播。