Doctoral Dissertation Research: Democratic Participation in Non-Democracies? Mobilizing International Legal Regimes for National Reform in Three Monarchies

博士论文研究：非民主国家的民主参与？

• 批准号: 1228445
• 负责人: Kim Lane Scheppele
• 金额: $ 2.49万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1228445&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Democratic; Participation

Are there mechanisms through which non-democracies can be made more accountable to their citizens? One such mechanism may be the human rights monitoring process built into international treaties. States that ratify human rights agreements are obligated to submit reports to monitoring bodies about the steps taken to bring their domestic practices into line with the treaties. When a state submits a report, the monitoring bodies invite non-governmental organizations within the state to comment on whether the state's report is accurate. State reports and NGO feedback are periodically reviewed in a formal session, after which the monitoring body issues its own assessment of state compliance. In these ways, domestic NGOs have an opportunity to put indirect pressures on their states by providing information to the monitoring bodies on the states' compliance with human rights law. This process of citizen feedback is particularly salient in states with underdeveloped democratic institutions. This project analyzes the role of human rights treaties and their monitoring bodies in providing opportunities for domestic NGOs to pressure the state through a comparative analysis of Morocco, Jordan and Bahrain; three monarchies that offer limited opportunity for citizen participation in the legislative process but that have ratified human rights treaties that involve these monitoring processes. Reports on state compliance with treaties on rights of women and labor, and interviews with civil society activists and attention to NGOs' use of human rights monitoring to channel domestic pressure for national reform all allow evaluation of citizen feedback concerning human rights treaties. This research will discover the extent to which human rights monitoring mechanisms serve to empower citizens of states with underdeveloped democratic institutions, an issue of widespread interest. Comparative case studies allow us to explore how the international community can more effectively support citizen empowerment in aspiring democracies.

是否有可以使非民主对其公民负责的机制？一种这样的机制可能是国际条约中内置的人权监测过程。指出，批准人权协议有义务向监视机构提交报告，以了解将其国内行为与条约一致的步骤。当一个州提交报告时，监测机构邀请州内的非政府组织评论该州的报告是否准确。州报告和非政府组织的反馈在正式会议上定期审查，此后，监测机构对国家合规评估进行了评估。通过这种方式，国内非政府组织有机会通过向各州遵守人权法的监测机构提供信息来向其施加间接压力。在民主制度欠发达的州，这一公民反馈的过程尤其重要。该项目分析了人权条约及其监测机构在为国内非政府组织提供机会通过对摩洛哥，约旦和巴林的比较分析向国家施加压力的机会。三个君主制为公民参与立法程序提供了有限的机会，但批准了涉及这些监视过程的人权条约。关于国家遵守妇女权利和劳动条约的报告，以及对民间社会活动家的访谈以及对非政府组织使用人权监测来引发国内压力进行国家改革的关注，都允许评估有关人权条约的公民反馈。这项研究将发现人权监测机制在多大程度上使国家公民拥有欠发达的民主制度，这是一个普遍的利益问题。 比较案例研究使我们能够探讨国际社会如何更有效地支持有抱负的民主国家的公民权力。