Collaborative Research: Predicting & Tackling the Emerging Public Health Threat of Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts

合作研究：预测和应对新出现的含氮消毒副产物的公共健康威胁合作提案0651333 （Michael Plewa， UIUC）该项目旨在通过三种方法研究含氮消毒副产物（N-DBPs）的形成、毒性和发生：(1)研究单一和多种消毒剂的实验规模；（二）水处理设施取样；(3)体外毒性实验。过去和现在关注的N-DBPs主要由低分子量化合物组成，如氯丁和n -亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）。然而，它们的胺前体（例如，单胺和二甲胺）的浓度通常比在其侧链中含有伯胺和仲胺的组合氨基酸的浓度低两个数量级。因此，如果从氨基酸前体生成n - dbp（如亚硝化氨基酸）的毒性（如致癌潜力）与氯仿和NDMA相似，则这种化合物可能对人类健康构成重大风险。该项目将评估减少N-DBP形成的消毒方案。公用事业公司目前正在改变其消毒做法，以降低THM和HAA的浓度，该项目的结果将有助于避免促进毒性更大的dbp形成的方案。

Collaborative Research: Predicting & Tackling the Emerging PublicHealth Threat of Nitrogenous Disinfection ByproductsLead proposal with collaborative proposal 0651333 (Michael Plewa, UIUC)This project seeks to investigate the formation, toxicity, and occurrence of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) using three approaches: (1) bench-scale experiments investigating single and multiple disinfectants; (2) sampling of water treatment facilities; and (3) bench-scale in-vitro toxicity assays. N-DBPs of past and current interest consist primarily of low molecular weight compounds such as chloropicrin and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). However, concentrations of their amine precursors (e.g., mono- and dimethylamine) typically are two orders of magnitude lower in source waters than those of combined amino acids containing primary and secondary amines in their side chains. Formation of N-DBPs (e.g., nitrosated amino acids) from amino acid precursors thus may represent a significant human health risk if the toxicity (e.g., carcinogenic potential) of such compounds is similar to chloropicrin and NDMA. The project will evaluate disinfection schemes that minimize N-DBP formation. Utilities currently are altering their disinfection practices to reduce THM and HAA concentrations, and the results of this project will be useful to avoid schemes that promote the formation of more toxic DBPs.