Collaborative Research: International Collaboration in Chemistry: Formation Mechanisms of Iodinated Disinfection By-Products from X-Ray Contrast Media

化学系的环境化学科学（ECS）计划将支持阿克伦大学的Stephen Duirk教授、伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳尚潘分校的Michael Plewa教授、美国环保局的Susan Richardson博士和德国科布伦茨的联邦水文研究所的托马斯Ternes博士在化学研究计划方面的国际合作。研究人员及其学生的合作团队将采用先进的测量方法来阐明饮用水消毒剂与碘化X射线造影剂（ICM）反应产生的高毒性碘消毒剂副产物（iodo-DBPs）的形成机制。尽管ICM在饮用水处理中被广泛使用，并且在地表沃茨中含量很高，但从未将ICM作为DBP前体进行过研究。美国研究人员将鉴定氯化氧化剂与ICM及其TP反应过程中形成的低分子量碘代DBPs，德国研究人员将鉴定高分子量反应产物。还将测量反应产物混合物和已鉴定的单个碘代DBP的毒性（哺乳动物细胞遗传毒性和细胞毒性），以确定哪种ICM及其微生物转化产物（TP）和反应条件会产生毒性副产物。由于清洁水源受到来自废水输入的人为化学物质的污染，因此必须了解这些污染物在饮用水处理过程中如何发生化学转化，从而形成有毒转化产物。了解污染物转化途径将最终导致最大限度地减少或消除饮用水中剧毒DBPs的形成，这可能会影响全球数百万饮用消毒饮用水的人。该研究将为本科生和研究生提供一个极好的教育机会，在国际合作环境中开展具有重大社会意义的环境化学科学项目。该国际合作研究项目由NSF和德国研究基金会（DFG）共同支持。

The Environmental Chemical Sciences (ECS) program of the Division of Chemistry will support the international collaboration in chemistry research program of Prof. Stephen Duirk of the University of Akron, Prof. Michael Plewa of the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Dr. Susan Richardson of USEPA, and Dr. Thomas Ternes of the Federal Institute of Hydrology in Koblenz, Germany. The collaborative team of investigators and their students will employ advanced measurement methods to elucidate the formation mechanisms of highly toxic iodo-disinfentant by products (iodo-DBPs) from the reaction of drinking water disinfectants with iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM). ICM have never been investigated as precursors to DBPs in drinking water treatment, despite the fact that they are widely used and are found at high levels in surface waters. The US researchers will identify low molecular weight iodo-DBPs formed during the reaction of chlorinated oxidants with ICM and their TPs, and German researchers will identify high molecular weight reaction products. The toxicity (mammalian cell genotoxicity and cytotoxicity) of the reaction product mixtures and of individual iodo-DBPs identified will also be measured to determine which ICM, and their microbial transformation products (TPs), and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. As clean water sources are contaminated with anthropogenic chemicals from wastewater inputs, it is important to understand how these contaminants can be chemically transformed during drinking water treatment resulting in the formation of toxic transformation products. Understanding contaminant transformation pathways will ultimately result in minimizing or eliminating the formation of highly toxic DBPs in drinking water, which could potentially impact the millions of people worldwide who consume disinfected drinking water. The study will provide an excellent educational opportunity for undergraduate and graduate students to carry out an environmental chemical science project of great societal importance in international collaborative settings. This international collaborative research project is supported jointly by NSF and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) (DFG).