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GOALI: WERF, WRF: Collaborative Research: Quantifying the Contribution of DBPs to the Toxicity of Wastewaters Purified for Potable Reuse: Which Byproduct Classes Matter?

目标：WERF、WRF：合作研究：量化 DBP 对净化用于饮用水再利用的废水毒性的贡献：哪些副产品类别很重要？

基本信息

批准号：
1706575
负责人：
Michael Plewa
金额：
$ 16.2万
依托单位：
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1706575&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
GOALI WERF WRF Collaborative Research

项目摘要

Collaborative Proposal Numbers: 1706154/1706575PI Names: William Mitch/Michael Plewa Increasing populations in arid regions of the US and recent droughts in Texas and California are increasing interest in purifying municipal wastewater as a local, secure supply for drinking water. A critical roadblock for potable reuse projects is lingering uncertainty among utilities, regulators, and the public regarding the human health impacts of chemicals in the purified wastewater. The PIs will compare the overall toxicity of wastewaters purified for potable reuse to the toxicity of conventional drinking waters. The National Research Council has indicated that byproducts of water and purified wastewater disinfection (disinfection byproducts or DBPs) are the predominant drivers of human health risks; however, the contribution to toxicity of DBPs as a whole and the relative importance of different DBP classes has not been quantified. In this project the PIs will quantify the contributions of different DBP classes to the toxicity of disinfected purified wastewaters to determine which classes are the most significant drivers of toxicity. Results from this project will provide critical data to enable regulators to evaluate potable reuse projects and to prioritize chemical contaminant classes (particularly DBPs) for regulatory oversight.In this project the main hypothesis is that advanced treated municipal wastewaters exhibit lower overall toxicity than conventional drinking waters employing wastewater-impacted (i.e., de facto reuse), or even pristine source waters. To test this hypothesis, the PIs will quantitatively compare the toxicity of a series of representative conventional drinking waters using either pristine or wastewater-impacted source waters with waters associated with potable reuse operations. The comparison will employ quantitative in vitro bioassays targeting a range of relevant endpoints (cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress).To quantify the contributions of different DBP classes to the toxicity of disinfected potable reuse waters, the PIs will compare the in vitro bioassay responses of disinfected potable reuse waters to those of deionized water spiked with the concentrations of either all the DBPs measured in these waters, or all of the members of specific DBP classes. DBP research has focused on individual chemical classes (e.g., nitrosamines), with chemists and toxicologists often working separately. By integrating chemical analysis of a broad range of DBP classes with quantitative toxicology to identify the classes driving toxic responses, the PIs expect that results from this work could transform the approach to DBP research. This work will also address two long-standing questions for DBP research. First, is the toxicity associated with DBP mixtures additive or is there synergism or antagonism? This question will be answered by comparing the bioassay responses for individual DBP classes against their mixtures. Second, DBP research has focused on low molecular weight species, generally accounting for only ~30-40% of total organic halogen (TOX). To what extent do high molecular weight DBPs contribute to toxicity? With disinfectants applied upstream of reverse osmosis (RO) units, potable reuse trains are ideal for answering this question. In addition to the research opportunities afforded to graduate and undergraduate students, a high school science teacher and underrepresented high school student will assist in summer research, with an eye to incorporating this material into the high school curriculum over the following year.

合作提案编号：1706154/1706575PI 姓名：William Mitch/Michael Plewa 美国干旱地区的人口不断增加，以及德克萨斯州和加利福尼亚州最近的干旱，人们越来越关注净化城市废水作为当地安全的饮用水供应。饮用水再利用项目的一个关键障碍是公用事业公司、监管机构和公众对于净化废水中的化学物质对人类健康的影响始终存在不确定性。 PI 将比较净化后用于饮用水再利用的废水的总体毒性与传统饮用水的毒性。国家研究委员会指出，水和净化废水消毒的副产品（消毒副产品或 DBP）是人类健康风险的主要驱动因素；然而，DBP 对整体毒性的贡献以及不同 DBP 类别的相对重要性尚未量化。在该项目中，PI 将量化不同 DBP 类别对消毒纯化废水毒性的贡献，以确定哪些类别是最重要的毒性驱动因素。该项目的结果将提供关键数据，使监管机构能够评估饮用水再利用项目，并优先考虑化学污染物类别（特别是 DBP）以进行监管。在该项目中，主要假设是，经过深度处理的城市废水的总体毒性低于使用受废水影响（即事实上的再利用）的传统饮用水，甚至是原始水源水。为了检验这一假设，PI 将定量比较一系列具有代表性的传统饮用水（使用原始水源或受废水影响的水源水）与与饮用水再利用操作相关的水的毒性。该比较将采用针对一系列相关终点（细胞毒性、遗传毒性和氧化应激）的定量体外生物测定。为了量化不同 DBP 类别对消毒饮用水回用水毒性的贡献，PI 将比较消毒饮用水回用水与添加了以下物质浓度的去离子水的体外生物测定响应：在这些水域中测量的所有 DBP，或特定 DBP 类别的所有成员。 DBP 研究重点关注个别化学类别（例如亚硝胺），化学家和毒理学家通常分开工作。通过将广泛的 DBP 类别的化学分析与定量毒理学相结合，以确定驱动毒性反应的类别，PI 预计这项工作的结果可以改变 DBP 研究的方法。这项工作还将解决 DBP 研究的两个长期存在的问题。首先，DBP混合物的毒性是相加的还是有协同作用或拮抗作用？这个问题将通过比较各个 DBP 类别与其混合物的生物测定响应来回答。其次，DBP 研究主要集中在低分子量物质，通常仅占总有机卤素 (TOX) 的 30-40%。高分子量 DBP 在多大程度上会产生毒性？通过在反渗透 (RO) 装置上游应用消毒剂，饮用水再利用列车是解决这个问题的理想选择。除了为研究生和本科生提供研究机会外，一名高中科学教师和代表性不足的高中生将协助暑期研究，着眼于将这些材料纳入来年的高中课程中。