SusChEM: GOALI: Drinking Water Safety and Sustainability: Identifying Key Chemical Drivers of Toxicity for Long-Term Solutions in the United States

SusChEM：目标：饮用水安全和可持续性：确定美国长期解决方案毒性的关键化学驱动因素

• 批准号: 1706862
• 负责人: Michael Plewa
• 金额: $ 14万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1706862&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SusChEM; GOALI; Drinking; Water; Safety

Collaborative ProposalPIs: Susan D. Richardson/Michael PlewaProposal Number: 1705206/1706862The majority of citizens in the US consume disinfected water. Chemical disinfectants inactivate pathogens in drinking water; however, an unintended consequence is their reaction with natural organic matter (NOM), anthropogenic contaminants, and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). For our drinking water supplies, a wide range of pristine and impacted waters are used, where high levels of certain emerging DBPs of concern have been reported. As a result, DBPs represent a ubiquitous chronic chemical exposure, yet the forcing agents for toxicity remain unknown. This research will address this knowledge gap, serve as the basis for a future wider International DBP study, and create a new paradigm for drinking water regulation to enhance drinking water safety and sustainability. The PIs will employ the on-going academic programs at their universities to provide research experiences for undergraduate and high school students, in particular students from underrepresented groups. An international group of leading scientists participating at the 2015 Gordon Research Conference on Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products met to address these issues and recommended an International DBP study to (1) evaluate DBP levels globally, focusing on key emerging DBPs and surrogate parameters: total organic chlorine (TOCl), total organic bromine (TOBr), total organic iodine (TOI), and (2) determine which subsets of DBPs are the forcing agents of toxicity. The PIs seek to accomplish these goals in an initial assessment in the US. Results from this research will generate data to better understand DBP risks, determine the forcing agents of toxicity, and enable long-term engineering solutions to enhance drinking water safety and sustainability. This research will identify the drivers of in vitro toxicity as a metric of potential human health risk for DBPs in drinking water from the United States and will serve as the basis for a future International DBP study that will globally assess DBP risks. While it is widely recognized that individual bromine- and iodine-containing DBPs are more toxic than their chlorine-containing analogues, the correlation of TOCl, TOBr, and TOI with a wide range of individual DBPs has not been evaluated. These chemical surrogates are recognized as holding great potential (especially TOBr and TOI) for accounting for risk, both from known DBPs (including the 65 priority DBPs to be quantified in this study) and the unknown DBPs, where 50% of the total organic halogen (TOX) content has yet to be identified. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has expressed interest in the potential to use these kinds of surrogates for regulation if they adequately represent the adverse health risk from halogenated DBPs. Thus, this research also has the potential to modify regulations as we know them today and better protect human health and enable global, safe, and sustainable drinking water.

合作提案PI：Susan D. Richardson/Michael Plewa提案编号：1705206/1706862美国大多数公民饮用消毒水。 化学消毒剂可灭活饮用水中的病原体；然而，意想不到的后果是它们与天然有机物 (NOM)、人为污染物和溴化物/碘化物发生反应，形成消毒副产物 (DBP)。 我们的饮用水供应使用各种原始水和受影响的水，据报道，其中某些新兴的 DBP 含量很高。 因此，DBP 代表了一种普遍存在的慢性化学暴露，但毒性的诱发因素仍然未知。 这项研究将弥补这一知识差距，作为未来更广泛的国际 DBP 研究的基础，并创建饮用水监管的新范式，以提高饮用水安全和可持续性。 PI 将利用其大学正在进行的学术项目，为本科生和高中生，特别是来自代表性不足群体的学生提供研究经验。 参加 2015 年戈登饮用水消毒副产品研究会议的国际顶尖科学家小组开会讨论解决这些问题，并建议开展一项国际 DBP 研究，以 (1) 评估全球 DBP 水平，重点关注新兴的关键 DBP 和替代参数：总有机氯 (TOCl)、总有机溴 (TOBr)、总有机碘 (TOI)，以及 (2) 确定 DBP 是毒性的强迫剂。 PI 力求在美国的初步评估中实现这些目标。这项研究的结果将产生数据，以更好地了解 DBP 风险，确定毒性的驱动因素，并实现长期工程解决方案，以提高饮用水的安全性和可持续性。这项研究将确定体外毒性的驱动因素，作为衡量美国饮用水中 DBP 潜在人类健康风险的指标，并将作为未来国际 DBP 研究的基础，该研究将在全球范围内评估 DBP 风险。虽然人们普遍认为单个含溴和碘的 DBP 比其含氯类似物毒性更大，但 TOCl、TOBr 和 TOI 与各种单个 DBP 的相关性尚未得到评估。这些化学替代物被认为在解释风险方面具有巨大潜力（尤其是 TOBr 和 TOI），包括已知的 DBP（包括本研究中要量化的 65 种优先 DBP）和未知的 DBP（其中 50% 的有机卤素 (TOX) 总含量尚未确定）。美国环境保护署 (EPA) 已表示有兴趣使用此类替代物进行监管，前提是它们能够充分代表卤化 DBP 的不利健康风险。因此，这项研究还有可能修改我们今天所知的法规，更好地保护人类健康，实现全球、安全和可持续的饮用水。

项目成果

To regulate or not to regulate? What to do with more toxic disinfection by-products?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.103939
• 发表时间: 2020-08-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
• 影响因子: 7.7
• 作者: Richardson, Susan D.;Plewa, Michael J.
• 通讯作者: Plewa, Michael J.

Relationships between regulated DBPs and emerging DBPs of health concern in U.S. drinking water

美国饮用水中受监管的 DBP 与新出现的影响健康的 DBP 之间的关系

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.016
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Environmental Sciences
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Krasner, Stuart W.;Jia, Ai;Lee, Chih-Fen T.;Shirkhani, Raha;Allen, Joshua M.;Richardson, Susan D.;Plewa, Michael J.
• 通讯作者: Plewa, Michael J.