SusChEM: GOALI: Drinking Water Safety and Sustainability: Identifying Key Chemical Drivers of Toxicity for Long-Term Solutions in the United States

合作提案提案作者：Susan D. Richardson/Michael plewa提案编号：1705206/1706862大多数美国公民饮用消过毒的水。化学消毒剂灭活饮用水中的病原体；然而，意想不到的后果是它们与天然有机物（NOM）、人为污染物和溴化物/碘化物反应形成消毒副产物（DBPs）。就我们的饮用水供应而言，我们使用了广泛的原始和受影响的水域，据报道，这些水域中某些令人关注的新出现的dbp含量很高。因此，dbp代表了一种普遍存在的慢性化学物质暴露，但毒性的强迫因子仍然未知。这项研究将解决这一知识差距，为未来更广泛的国际DBP研究奠定基础，并为饮用水监管创造新的范例，以加强饮用水安全和可持续性。pi将利用其大学正在进行的学术课程，为本科生和高中生，特别是来自代表性不足群体的学生提供研究经验。参加2015年戈登饮用水消毒副产物研究会议的国际领先科学家小组讨论了这些问题，并建议开展一项国际DBP研究，以(1)评估全球DBP水平，重点关注关键的新兴DBP和替代参数：总有机氯（TOCl）、总有机溴（TOBr）、总有机碘（TOI），以及(2)确定DBP的哪些亚群是强制毒性因子。ppi寻求在美国的初步评估中实现这些目标。这项研究的结果将产生数据，以更好地了解DBP风险，确定毒性的强制因素，并制定长期的工程解决方案，以提高饮用水的安全性和可持续性。这项研究将确定体外毒性的驱动因素，作为衡量美国饮用水中DBP对人类健康潜在风险的指标，并将作为未来国际DBP研究的基础，该研究将在全球范围内评估DBP风险。虽然人们普遍认为单个含溴和含碘dbp比其含氯类似物毒性更大，但TOCl、TOBr和TOI与大范围单个dbp的相关性尚未得到评估。这些化学替代品被认为具有巨大的潜力（特别是TOBr和TOI），可以用于计算已知dbp（包括本研究中要量化的65个优先dbp）和未知dbp的风险，其中总有机卤素（TOX）含量的50%尚未确定。环境保护署（EPA）表示有兴趣使用这类替代品进行监管，如果它们能充分代表卤化dbp对健康的不利风险。因此，这项研究也有可能修改我们今天所知道的法规，更好地保护人类健康，实现全球、安全和可持续的饮用水。

Collaborative ProposalPIs: Susan D. Richardson/Michael PlewaProposal Number: 1705206/1706862The majority of citizens in the US consume disinfected water. Chemical disinfectants inactivate pathogens in drinking water; however, an unintended consequence is their reaction with natural organic matter (NOM), anthropogenic contaminants, and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). For our drinking water supplies, a wide range of pristine and impacted waters are used, where high levels of certain emerging DBPs of concern have been reported. As a result, DBPs represent a ubiquitous chronic chemical exposure, yet the forcing agents for toxicity remain unknown. This research will address this knowledge gap, serve as the basis for a future wider International DBP study, and create a new paradigm for drinking water regulation to enhance drinking water safety and sustainability. The PIs will employ the on-going academic programs at their universities to provide research experiences for undergraduate and high school students, in particular students from underrepresented groups. An international group of leading scientists participating at the 2015 Gordon Research Conference on Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products met to address these issues and recommended an International DBP study to (1) evaluate DBP levels globally, focusing on key emerging DBPs and surrogate parameters: total organic chlorine (TOCl), total organic bromine (TOBr), total organic iodine (TOI), and (2) determine which subsets of DBPs are the forcing agents of toxicity. The PIs seek to accomplish these goals in an initial assessment in the US. Results from this research will generate data to better understand DBP risks, determine the forcing agents of toxicity, and enable long-term engineering solutions to enhance drinking water safety and sustainability. This research will identify the drivers of in vitro toxicity as a metric of potential human health risk for DBPs in drinking water from the United States and will serve as the basis for a future International DBP study that will globally assess DBP risks. While it is widely recognized that individual bromine- and iodine-containing DBPs are more toxic than their chlorine-containing analogues, the correlation of TOCl, TOBr, and TOI with a wide range of individual DBPs has not been evaluated. These chemical surrogates are recognized as holding great potential (especially TOBr and TOI) for accounting for risk, both from known DBPs (including the 65 priority DBPs to be quantified in this study) and the unknown DBPs, where 50% of the total organic halogen (TOX) content has yet to be identified. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has expressed interest in the potential to use these kinds of surrogates for regulation if they adequately represent the adverse health risk from halogenated DBPs. Thus, this research also has the potential to modify regulations as we know them today and better protect human health and enable global, safe, and sustainable drinking water.