Workshop: US-Japan Workshop for Multi-Hazard Risk Reduction for Building Systems, held in Hawaii, Feb. 2007.

美国和日本自然资源合作计划（UJNR）风和地震效应小组（WSE小组）是一个正式的政府间机制，旨在促进两国在地震和风力效应以及减灾方面的合作。该小组于1988年制定了章程，并于2001年制定了五年战略计划。在2006年5月的年度会议上，小组制定了2006-2010年的第二个五年战略计划，其中包括任务委员会B，题为“下一代建筑和基础设施系统”，委员会建议举办一个联合研讨会，如本文所建议的，重点是“高性能建筑对居住者的安全、安保和健康（风、地震、火灾和室内空气质量）”。众所周知，为了提高建筑的性能，新兴材料和技术（硬件和/或软件系统）可以发挥重要作用。对于个体危害，已经不同程度地表明，先进技术（高性能建筑材料、传感和驱动系统等）可以通过地震工程、风力工程等单个领域的研发努力，成为减少结构损害的有效途径。然而，针对多种抗灾建筑的研究活动仍处于起步阶段，因为有太多不同特征的元素需要整合，而且每个元素都有太多的未知因素。实际上，今天感兴趣的研究人员对如何系统地处理这个问题没有达成一致意见。然而，为了居住者的安全、保障和健康，多灾害抗灾建筑是一项重要的社会需求。本次研讨会旨在通过考虑一个或两个现实世界的建筑，制定一个为期5年的合作研究计划，研究如何最好地开发和/或利用先进技术来抵御多种灾害的建筑（新的或现有的）。除正常荷载条件外，还需要考虑地震、风、火灾和室内空气质量等高强度危害。整合这些知识领域是一个相当大的挑战，每个领域都有不同的特点，并以不同的方式影响居住者的安全、安保和健康，以有效改善生活条件并提高建筑物的性能。由于考虑的研究视野复杂且持续时间长，因此邀请早期职业研究人员参加本次研讨会是为了强调他们的发展。更广泛的影响：从更广泛的角度来看，尽管美国和日本在风和地震影响方面已经持续合作多年，但只有在当前的五年战略计划中才强调了“集群”概念。“集群”概念涉及多种专业知识的整合，以实现降低建筑系统多重危害风险的通用方法。这种新的战略方法将开辟许多新的研究领域和应用机会。

The US and Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR) Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects (WSE Panel) is a formal government-to-government mechanism for cooperation in earthquake and wind effects and hazard mitigation between these two countries. The panel established its charter in 1988 and its five-year strategic plan in 2001. At its annual meeting in May 2006, the panel developed its second five-year strategic plan for 2006-2010 including the Task Committee B, entitled "Next Generation Buildings and Infrastructure Systems," The Committee proposed a joint workshop, as is proposed here, to be focused on "High-Performance Buildings for Occupant Safety, Security and Health (wind, earthquake, fire and indoor air quality)". It is well understood that to advance the performance of buildings emerging materials and technologies (both hardware and/or software systems) can play a significant role. For individual hazards, it has been shown, to various degree, that advanced technologies (high performance construction materials, sensing and actuating systems, etc.) can be an effective approach to reduce the damages of structures through R&D efforts of individuals fields of earthquake engineering, wind engineering, etc. Research activities for multiple hazard resilient buildings, however, are still in their infancy, due to the fact that there are too many elements of different characteristics to be integrated and too many unknowns in each individual element. There is actually no agreement today among interested researchers on how to approach the problem systematically. Yet, multi-hazard resilient buildings for occupant safety, security and health are an important societal demand.This workshop intends to map out a 5-year cooperative research program on how to best develop and/or utilize advanced technologies for multi-hazard resilient buildings (new or existing) by considering one or two real-world buildings. The high intensity hazards to be considered, in addition to the normal loading conditions, are earthquake, wind, fire and indoor air quality. There is a considerable challenge to integrate these knowledge areas, each has different characteristics and affects occupant safety, security and health in different ways, to effectively improve the living conditions and increase the performance of the buildings.The development of early career researchers is emphasized by inviting them to take part in this workshop because the research horizons to be considered are complex and of long term duration.Broader Impact:On the broader perspective, although US and Japan have continued cooperative efforts for many years on wind and seismic effects, only in the current five-year strategic plan is the "Cluster" concept emphasized. The "Cluster" concept involves integration of multiple expertise to accomplish a generic approach to Multi-Hazard Risk Reductions for Building Systems". This new strategic approach will open up many new research frontiers and application opportunities.