FAR-DEEP: Fennoscandian Arctic Russia Drilling Early Earth Project

从太古宙到元古宙（25 - 20亿年前）的过渡代表了地球历史上最关键的过渡之一，因为它反映了现代有氧地球系统的出现。各种证据表明，这一时期见证了富氧大气层的建立，也许与地球历史上第一次全球冰川作用有关。理解这一过渡期的关键是整合各种代理数据集的研究，这些数据集记录了此时的各种处理操作。该钻探项目是一项跨太古代-元古代边界的主要环境变化的多学科国际研究，以便更好地了解现代有氧地球系统的出现。该项目的目的是通过从芬诺斯坎迪亚的战略位置获取新的岩心材料，通过这种过渡获得连贯的岩石记录。在地球历史上这一最重要的时期，特别是在俄罗斯芬诺斯堪的纳维亚北极地区，记录的过程和事件的多样性使这项工作在智力价值方面特别重要，这项活动的更广泛影响包括来自几个国家的调查人员之间的密切合作，以及与他们的学生群体的密切合作，他们将在科学钻探艺术方面获得宝贵的经验。国际大陆钻探计划为钻探提供了部分资金，但取决于包括美国国家科学基金会（NSF）和美国国家航空航天局（NASA）在内的其他来源的捐款。这项建议要求美国的一半参加这项努力。NASA也提供了类似的金额。钻井作业将由该项目的分包商国际大陆钻井计划（GeoForschungsZentrum波茨坦）监督。

The transition from the Archean Eon to the Proterozoic Eon (2.5 - 2.0 billion years ago) represents one of the most critical transitions in Earth's history as it reflects the emergence of the modern aerobic Earth System. Various lines of evidence indicate that this period witnessed the establishment of an oxygen-rich atmosphere and, perhaps related, the first global glaciation in Earth history. Critical to understanding this transitional interval are studies that integrate the various proxy datasets which document the various processing operating at this time. The drilling project is a multidisciplinary international study of major environmental changes across the Archean-Proterozoic boundary in order to provide a better understanding of the emergence of the modern aerobic Earth System. The aim of this project is to obtain a coherent rock-record through this transition via the acquisition of fresh drillcore material from strategic locations within Fennoscandia. The diversity of processes and events recorded for this most important time interval in Earth history, in particular within the Fennoscandian Arctic of Russia, make this effort particularly significant in terms of intellectual merit.The broader impacts of this activity include the close collaboration among investigators from several countries and with their cohort of students, who will have a valuable experience in the art of scientific drilling. The International Continental Drilling Program has partially funded the drilling, contingent on contributions from other sources including the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This proposal represents a request for half of the United States participation in this effort. NASA is contributing a similar amount. Drilling operations will be overseen by the subcontractor on this project, the International Continental Drilling Program (GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam).