CNH: Effects of Cross-Boundary Processes on Human-Nature Dynamics in Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas

CNH：跨界过程对卧龙大熊猫自然保护区人-自然动态的影响

• 批准号: 0709717
• 负责人: Jianguo Liu
• 金额: $ 149.39万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-15 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0709717&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Effects; Cross; Boundary; Processes

Successfully balancing wildlife conservation and human well-being requires sound knowledge of processes operating not only within a particular coupled human-natural system, such as a nature reserve, but also of processes operating across system boundaries. While our understanding of biophysical cross-boundary processes, such as nutrient flows and invasions of exotic species, has improved markedly over the past decade, work on social processes is urgently needed. Two increasingly important cross-boundary social processes impacting nature reserves around the world are rural-urban labor migration (migration of residents from rural areas for urban employment opportunities) and ecotourism (nature-based tourism in rural areas often by city dwellers). These phenomena are especially critical and rapidly evolving in developing countries such as China, which are experiencing unprecedented increases in human mobility due to economic development over the past three decades. However, little is known about the interactive effects of migration and ecotourism on human-nature dynamics. This project will contribute to a better understanding of the effects of these interacting processes on the coupled human-natural system (forests/panda habitat and local residents) in the Wolong Nature Reserve, the flagship reserve for conservation of the world-famous endangered Giant Pandas of China. The project will take a systems approach to address four interrelated objectives: (1) evaluate the effects of ecotourism on the coupled human-natural system; (2) assess the effects of labor migration on the coupled human-natural system; (3) understand the interactive effects of labor migration and ecotourism on the coupled human-natural system, and (4) model and simulate the long-term effects of migration and ecotourism on the coupled human-natural system. The methods to be used in this study include field observations, face-to-face interviews with stakeholders, geographic information systems, remote sensing, global positioning systems, statistical tools, and systems modeling and simulation. The project will tightly integrate research with both formal education from K-12 to graduate school, and with engagement of stakeholders and the general public from local to international levels.This project will contribute to the theoretical understanding of complex human-natural system dynamics, concentrating on crucial characteristics such as nonlinearity, thresholds, feedbacks, and uncertainty that are shaped by cross-boundary processes. The project will also make methodological contributions by advancing the state-of-the-art in agent-based modeling in producing a web-accessible model exploring the complexity of cross-boundary processes. With respect to the application of research results, the project will contribute to improved policy for the conservation of panda habitat in Wolong, providing insight for designing policies that balance the needs of panda conservation and economic development in the world''s most populous nation. The findings will also be of general interest to many other systems due to escalating cross-boundary processes around the world and the urgent need to develop effective policies for addressing increasingly complex human-nature dynamics.

成功地平衡野生动物保护和人类福祉不仅需要在一个特定的耦合的人类-自然系统，如自然保护区，但也跨越系统边界的过程中运行的过程的良好知识。虽然我们对生物物理跨界过程，如营养流动和外来物种入侵的理解在过去十年中有了显著提高，但迫切需要开展社会过程方面的工作。影响世界各地自然保护区的两个日益重要的跨界社会过程是农村-城市劳动力迁移（居民从农村地区迁移到城市就业机会）和生态旅游（农村地区以自然为基础的旅游，通常由城市居民进行）。这些现象在中国这样的发展中国家尤为严重并迅速演变，由于过去三十年的经济发展，这些国家的人口流动性空前增加。然而，人们对移徙和生态旅游对人与自然动态的互动影响知之甚少。该项目将有助于更好地了解这些相互作用的过程对卧龙自然保护区的人-自然耦合系统（森林/大熊猫栖息地和当地居民）的影响，该保护区是保护世界著名的中国濒危大熊猫的旗舰保护区。该项目将采用系统方法来解决四个相互关联的目标：（1）评估生态旅游对人-自然耦合系统的影响;（2）评估劳动力迁移对人-自然耦合系统的影响;（3）了解劳动力迁移与生态旅游对人地耦合系统的交互作用，（4）模拟和模拟移民和生态旅游对人地耦合系统的长期影响。本研究采用的方法包括实地观察、与利益相关者面对面访谈、地理信息系统、遥感、全球定位系统、统计工具以及系统建模和模拟。 该项目将研究与从K-12到研究生院的正规教育紧密结合，并与当地到国际层面的利益相关者和公众的参与紧密结合。该项目将有助于从理论上理解复杂的人类-自然系统动力学，专注于跨边界过程形成的关键特征，如非线性，阈值，反馈和不确定性。该项目还将通过推进基于代理的建模的最新技术，制作一个可通过网络访问的模型，探索跨境过程的复杂性，从而在方法上做出贡献。在研究成果的应用方面，该项目将有助于改善卧龙大熊猫栖息地的保护政策，为设计平衡世界上人口最多的国家大熊猫保护和经济发展需求的政策提供见解。由于世界各地的跨界进程不断升级，迫切需要制定有效的政策来应对日益复杂的人与自然的动态，这些研究结果也将引起许多其他系统的普遍兴趣。