Particle Trajectories in Volcanic Plumes: Model Development and Testing at Inyo Craters, California, United States

火山羽流中的粒子轨迹：美国加利福尼亚州因约陨石坑的模型开发和测试

• 批准号: 0711464
• 负责人: Marcus Bursik
• 金额: $ 18.46万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Buffalo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0711464&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Particle; Trajectories; Volcanic; Plumes; Model

The main goal of this research is the development of a model for volcanic plumes that tracks the paths of rocky particles (pyroclasts or tephra) within the plume and calculates where these particles fall. One impact of the proposed research for society is to use the model to forecast the proximal (near to the vent) portion of potential tephra fall maps, which are an important part of hazards forecasting and hazards potential mapping at volcanoes worldwide. It is also planned to use the model to generate new graphical calculation plots to estimate eruption parameters, such as eruption column height and windspeed, from tephra fall data. The field portion of the research at Inyo Craters, CA, will provide important constraints on potential future eruptions that could impact major transportation corridors and watersheds in the rapidly growing corridor between Reno and Los Angeles?Las Vegas. Additional broader impacts include the integration of underrepresented groups and scientific disciplines through the training of a female Ph.D. student in both Geology and Computational Sciences. The investigators have broken the problem into several parts. The first part, which will be addressed by this research, is to model the proximal fallout of large pyroclasts by simulating the motion of large particles in eruptive flow fields. A large-particle module (LPM) is being written to work with and potentially be added to ATHAM (Active Tracer High resolution Atmospheric Model), a dynamic volcanic plume simulation. The module will be used to investigate pyroclast paths and distributions within the plume as constrained by still and video photography, and to test model predictions against field data on pyroclast distribution on the ground. For the field portion of the research, it is proposed to map and measure deposit thickness and grainsize in the proximal region of carefully chosen eruption deposits using differential GPS for precise location. They will study the most recent, large Plinian-type eruption deposits in the southwestern U.S., the Inyo tephras. The field data will be analyzed by statistical comparison of the modeled and the measured distributions of clasts on the ground. The goodness of the model will be characterized by using the degree of its convergence to the field data, and comparing this degree of convergence to the results from using past models. It is envisaged that the proposed research will result in the development of a large particle module that works with and can be incorporated into ATHAM to begin to produce the first full, 3-D tephra deposition simulation. Given appropriate eruptive conditions, the simulation should produce visualizations of pyroclast position and concentration within the plume, as well as distributions of large pyroclasts on the ground, and thickness, isomass or grain size isopleths in good agreement with field data.

这项研究的主要目标是开发一个火山羽流模型，跟踪羽流中岩石颗粒（火山碎屑或火山灰）的路径，并计算这些颗粒的下落。拟议的研究对社会的影响之一是使用该模型来预测潜在火山灰降落图的近端（靠近喷口）部分，这是全球火山灾害预测和灾害潜在绘图的重要组成部分。还计划利用该模型生成新的图形计算图，以根据火山灰下落数据估计喷发参数，如喷发柱高度和风速。在加利福尼亚州Inyo火山口的研究的实地部分将对未来可能影响里诺和洛杉矶之间快速增长的走廊的主要运输走廊和流域的潜在喷发提供重要的限制。拉斯维加斯。其他更广泛的影响包括通过培训一名女博士，将代表性不足的群体和科学学科结合起来。地质学和计算科学专业的学生。调查人员把问题分成几个部分。第一部分，这将是本研究所解决的，是通过模拟大颗粒在喷发流场中的运动来模拟大火山碎屑的近端沉降。正在编写一个大颗粒模块（LPM），以便与ATHAM（活动示踪剂高分辨率大气模型）一起工作，并可能添加到ATHAM（活动示踪剂高分辨率大气模型）中，ATHAM是一种动态火山羽流模拟。该模块将用于研究受静态和视频摄影限制的羽流中的火山碎屑路径和分布，并对照地面火山碎屑分布的实地数据检验模型预测。关于实地研究部分，建议利用差分全球定位系统对精心挑选的火山喷发矿床的近端区域进行测绘和测量存款厚度和粒度，以便进行精确定位。他们将研究美国西南部最近的大型普林尼式喷发沉积物，因约火山岩将对实地数据进行分析，对地面碎屑的模拟分布和测量分布进行统计比较。该模型的优良性将通过使用其对现场数据的收敛程度来表征，并将该收敛程度与使用过去模型的结果进行比较。据设想，拟议的研究将导致一个大颗粒模块的开发，该模块与ATHAM一起工作，并可以被纳入ATHAM，开始产生第一个完整的三维火山灰沉积模拟。在适当的喷发条件下，模拟应能显示火山碎屑在羽流中的位置和浓度，以及地面上大型火山碎屑的分布情况，以及与实地数据完全一致的厚度、等质量线或粒度等值线。