Occupational Risk and Rights-Based Fisheries Policy: Studying Changes in the Deadliest Catch

职业风险和基于权利的渔业政策：研究最致命渔获量的变化

• 批准号: 0719105
• 负责人: William Horrace
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Syracuse University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0719105&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Occupational; Risk; Rights; Based; Fisheries

Prior to 2005, Alaskan Crab fisheries had a total allowable catch limit, and fisheries closed for the season once an aggregate catch limit for all crabbing vessels was reached. This management strategy created incentives for fishing vessels to "race for crabs" to maximize their catch before the fishery closed. This race may have caused captains and crew to engage in risky behavior, such as fishing in bad weather. In 2005 the Alaskan Crab fisheries underwent a radical policy shift as the fishery became "rationalized" under the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Crab Rationalization Program. The program divided the total allowable catch within the fishery among the harvesters, processors, and coastal communities through resource quota rights. The National Marine Fisheries Service argued that this change would reduce the "race for crab" and increase the safety of fishermen in the Alaskan Crab fisheries. Using the policy change as an instrument, this project will quantify the extent to which occupational risk has been mitigated in the crab fisheries. Additionally, the investigators will use data on weather, sea conditions and a captain's decision to "put to sea" to estimate the "value of a statistical life" for crews in the crabbing industry. The results will improve our understanding of occupational risk and guide future policy decisions related to this and other U.S. fisheries. The estimated value of a statistical life will inform subsequent policy decisions in the fishing industry or any policy that involves trade-offs between the probability of individual death or injury and changes in societal welfare.

在2005年之前，阿拉斯加螃蟹渔业有一个总的允许捕捞量限制，一旦达到所有螃蟹船的总捕捞量限制，渔业就会关闭。 这一管理战略鼓励渔船“竞相捕捞螃蟹”，以便在渔场关闭前最大限度地捕获螃蟹。这场比赛可能导致船长和船员从事危险的行为，如在恶劣天气下捕鱼。2005年，阿拉斯加螃蟹渔业经历了一个根本性的政策转变，因为渔业在白令海和阿留申群岛螃蟹养殖计划下变得“合理化”。该计划通过资源配额权，将渔业的总可捕量分配给捕捞者、加工者和沿海社区。国家海洋渔业局认为，这一变化将减少“螃蟹竞赛”，并增加阿拉斯加螃蟹渔业渔民的安全。利用政策变化作为一种手段，该项目将量化在何种程度上减轻职业风险，在螃蟹渔业。此外，调查人员还将利用天气、海况和船长“出海”决定的数据，估计捕蟹业船员的“统计生命价值”。研究结果将提高我们对职业风险的理解，并指导未来与此和其他美国渔业相关的政策决定。统计寿命的估计值将为渔业的后续决策或涉及个人伤亡概率与社会福利变化之间权衡的任何政策提供信息。