Doctoral Dissertation Research: Gavels Defying Guns: The Judicial Control of State Power in Post-Authoritarian Polities

博士论文研究：木槌反抗枪炮：后威权政体中国家权力的司法控制

• 批准号: 0720099
• 负责人: C.Neal Tate
• 金额: $ 0.97万
• 依托单位: Vanderbilt University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0720099&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Gavels; Defying

Primary Investigators: C. Neal Tate and Rodelio ManacsaTitle: Doctoral Dissertation Research: Gavels Defying Guns: The Judicial Control of State Power in Post-Authoritarian Polities0720099AbstractThe intellectual merit of this proposal emerges from its multimethod, data-based approach to investigating a puzzle of great theoretical and policy significance: When do gavels defy guns? When do judges invalidate actions of government? In doing so, it can make a major contribution to theories of democracy and authoritarianism and to policy-relevant knowledge. That judges are or should be able to defy rulers is one of the foundational assumptions of efforts to promote democracy and the rule of law. Yet rulers can refuse to implement judicial rulings, cut the court's jurisdiction, reduce the budget allotted to the court, and impeach the magistrates to bend the gavel to their will. These threats are particularly compelling in new or re-established democracies where judges do not enjoy the institutional safeguards or the popular support that protect their counterparts in more developed polities. Our understanding of when and how judges do defy rulers is underdeveloped. This proposal develop a theoretical framework that uses contextual, attitudinal, and legal variables to account for when and why judges try to limit the exercise of governmental power, applying the framework to the Supreme Courts of the Philippines and South Africa. Statistical analyses of the decision making of these courts during periods of authoritarianism and transitions to democracy will be supplemented by field research and interviews with Philippine and South African judges to construct a culturally grounded and parsimonious model of judicial control. The broader impact of this study is evident in the contribution it can make to promoting a better intellectual understanding of the role of courts and judges in democratization and establishing the rule of law the potential contribution it can make to efforts by policy makers to promote more democratic and lawful governments. Completing the research proposed will also build the infrastructure of scholars who come from and understand the struggles of democratizing nations recovering from authoritarianism.

主要研究人员：C.Neal Tate和Rodelo Manacsa标题：博士论文研究：盖子违抗枪支：后威权政治中对国家权力的司法控制0720099摘要这一提案的学术价值来自于其多方法、基于数据的方法，以调查一个具有重大理论和政策意义的谜题：盖子何时能抵挡枪支？法官在什么时候宣布政府的行为无效？通过这样做，它可以对民主和威权主义理论以及与政策相关的知识做出重大贡献。法官能够或应该能够违抗尺子，是推动民主和法治努力的基本假设之一。然而，尺子可以拒绝执行司法裁决，削减法院的管辖权，减少分配给法院的预算，并弹劾地方法官按其意愿行事。在新的或重新建立的民主政体中，这些威胁尤其令人信服，因为在这些政体中，法官不享有保护其同行的体制保障或民众支持。我们对法官何时以及如何藐视尺子的理解还不够深入。这项建议建立了一个理论框架，使用背景、态度和法律变量来解释法官何时以及为什么试图限制政府权力的行使，并将该框架应用于菲律宾和南非的最高法院。对这些法院在威权主义和向民主过渡时期的决策进行的统计分析，将辅之以实地研究和对菲律宾和南非法官的访谈，以建立一个有文化基础和节俭的司法控制模式。这项研究的更广泛影响显而易见，它可以促进更好地从知识上了解法院和法官在民主化中的作用，并建立法治，这可能有助于政策制定者努力促进更民主和更合法的政府。完成这项拟议的研究还将为来自并理解从威权主义中恢复过来的民主化国家的斗争的学者建立基础设施。