Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Conflict, Violence and Civil War

政治学博士论文研究：冲突、暴力和内战

• 批准号: 0720440
• 负责人: James Fearon
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0720440&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

Primary Investigators: James D. Fearon and Dana CohenTitle: Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Conflict, Violence, and Civil War0720440AbstractWhy do some combatant groups commit mass rape during civil war, while others never turn to sexual violence? What are the conditions under which widespread sexual violence can be predicted during a civil conflict? Does sexual violence co-vary with other types of violence or does rape serve as a substitute for certain types of coercive violence? Does combatant violence against female noncombatants co-vary with violence against male noncombatants? In this dissertation project, the investigator will compare the cases of Sierra Leone and East Timor, two lengthy, violent and non-ethnic civil wars that have one important point of variation for my study. In Sierra Leone, rape was committed almost entirely by the rebel factions, while in East Timor, rape was the exclusive purview of the Indonesian military. To study these two conflicts, the investigator will use both statistical analyses to analyze survey and conflict data and qualitative methodologies to conduct interviews and focus groups with victims of war violence and ex-combatants. Using these data, the investigator will test competing hypotheses of sexual violence against civilians. While political scientists have made recent strides in understanding the conditions under which violence is perpetrated against civilians during civil war, these studies have focused on homicide to the exclusion of all other types of violence. Homicide, however, is often directed specifically at men and boys during war. Because political scientists have studied only homicide in their theories and analyses of violence during conflict, they have unwittingly focused on a form of violence that has mainly targeted men. In the initial part of this project, the investigator has found that such theories may not serve to explain sexual violence, which almost exclusively targets women. The broader impact of this study is that, through interviews with victims of war violence, the project gives a voice to the women who have suffered war rape, a phenomenon that many experts believe is becoming increasingly common.

主要调查人员：詹姆斯·D·费伦和达娜·科恩标题：博士论文研究政治学：冲突、暴力和内战摘要为什么一些战斗团体在内战期间犯下集体强奸行为，而另一些人则从不求助于性暴力？在什么情况下，可以预测在国内冲突期间会发生广泛的性暴力？性暴力是否与其他类型的暴力并存，或者强奸是否可替代某些类型的强制暴力？战斗人员对女性非战斗人员的暴力行为是否与针对男性非战斗人员的暴力行为有所不同？在这篇论文中，调查者将对塞拉利昂和东帝汶的情况进行比较，这两场旷日持久的、暴力的、非种族的内战对我的研究有一个重要的变异点。在塞拉利昂，强奸几乎完全由反叛派别实施，而在东帝汶，强奸是印度尼西亚军方的专属权力。为了研究这两个冲突，调查员将使用统计分析来分析调查和冲突数据，并使用定性方法对战争暴力受害者和前战斗人员进行访谈和重点小组。利用这些数据，调查员将检验针对平民的性暴力的相互矛盾的假设。虽然政治学家最近在理解内战期间对平民实施暴力的条件方面取得了进展，但这些研究侧重于杀人罪，而不是所有其他类型的暴力。然而，杀人罪往往是在战争期间专门针对男人和男孩的。由于政治学家在他们的理论和对冲突期间暴力的分析中只研究了杀人罪，他们无意中将重点放在了一种主要针对男性的暴力形式上。在这个项目的最初阶段，调查人员发现，这种理论可能无法解释性暴力，性暴力几乎完全针对女性。这项研究的更广泛影响是，通过对战争暴力受害者的采访，该项目让遭受战争强奸的女性发出了声音，许多专家认为，这种现象正变得越来越普遍。