Collaborative Research: Interannual Variability of Coastal Phytoplankton Blooms in the Gulf of Maine and Their Relationships to Local and Remote Forcings

合作研究：缅因湾沿海浮游植物数量的年际变化及其与本地和远程强迫的关系

• 批准号: 0727033
• 负责人: Rubao Ji
• 金额: $ 36.03万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0727033&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Interannual; Variability; Coastal

The aim of this project is to explore the interaction of remote climate based forcing with local forcing to impact phytoplankton blooms in coastal and shelf regions with a coupled biological-physical model. Phytoplankton bloom dynamics are a classic example of biological-physical interactions in the ocean (Gran and Braarud, 1935; Sverdrup, 1953). Yet it is still a challenge to identify the dominant processes controlling the interannual variability of phytoplankton blooms in coastal and shelf seas where multiple-scale biological and physical processes interact. The unstructured-grid, finite-volume, coastal ocean model (FVCOM, built within the GLOBEC Georges Bank Program) bridges the multi-scale physical processes of the Gulf of Maine and includes both local and remote forcing. Twelve years of prognostic simulation and assimilation experiment products, with careful comparison/validation with field measurements, provide a unique background and tools with which to explore the interannual variability of ecosystem dynamics in the Gulf of Maine. This project will examine relationships between the dynamics of spring and fall phytoplankton blooms in the Gulf and local and remote forcing. A specific focus is the variability Scotian Shelf Water and Slope Water inflows. A series of numerical experiments will be conducted to test long-standing and recently-proposed hypotheses, including the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation as it influences Warm Slope Water versus Labrador Slope Water dynamics, which in turn affect nutrient fluxes to the Gulf of Maine and vertical fluxes between surface and deep waters. The influence of surface water freshening (related to Scotian Shelf Water inflow, in turn believed to be affected by global warming) on the vertical density structure of the water column, winter convection, and consequently, the timing/magnitude of blooms, will also be addressed. The process-oriented coupled biological and physical model experiments will focus on the date-rich period 1998-2001 when pronounced large-scale forcing conditions occurred. Providing new insights into the influence of large-scale forcing on the dynamics and productivity of coastal ocean ecosystems will be a significant advance in our understanding of phytoplankton blooms dynamics, which has been traditionally focused on local forcing and seasonal changes. The project will provide a web-based open archive of the 1995-2006 coupled model hourly physical and biological output, and produce a tested coupled biological-physical model system available for other ongoing (e.g. ECOHAB) and future ecosystem studies in the Gulf of Maine and other coastal oceans. The web-based ocean forecast model system being developed by UMASSD-WHOI will benefit directly from this project by helping to optimize the design of ocean observatories and help shape the future of interdependent model-observing systems.Broader Impacts: Results will be broadly disseminated to the general research, undergraduate and graduate education communities, K-12 institutions, and to the interested public through web-based servers using existing infrastructure at the investigators' institutions. Web-based users will be able to access project description, scientific results, model input and output archives, animations of various physical and biological fields, etc. Collaboration with the New Bedford SEALAB Marine Science Education Center and the WHOI/UMASS COSEE program will foster communication with K-12 teachers and students and the public both nationally and internationally.

该项目的目的是通过生物物理耦合模型探索远程气候强迫与当地强迫的相互作用，以影响沿海和陆架地区浮游植物的繁殖。浮游植物水华动态是海洋中生物物理相互作用的典型例子（Gran 和 Braarud，1935；Sverdrup，1953）。然而，在多尺度生物和物理过程相互作用的沿海和陆架海中，确定控制浮游植物繁殖年际变化的主导过程仍然是一个挑战。非结构化网格、有限体积、沿海海洋模型（FVCOM，在 GLOBEC 乔治银行计划内构建）连接了缅因湾的多尺度物理过程，包括本地和远程强迫。十二年的预测模拟和同化实验产品，以及与现场测量的仔细比较/验证，为探索缅因湾生态系统动态的年际变化提供了独特的背景和工具。该项目将研究海湾春季和秋季浮游植物繁殖的动态与本地和远程强迫之间的关系。特别关注的是斯科舍陆架水和斜坡水流入的变化。将进行一系列数值实验来测试长期存在和最近提出的假设，包括北大西洋涛动的影响，因为它影响暖坡水与拉布拉多坡水动力学，这反过来又影响缅因湾的营养物通量以及地表水和深水之间的垂直通量。地表水淡化（与斯科舍大陆架水流入相关，反过来被认为受到全球变暖的影响）对水柱垂直密度结构、冬季对流以及水华爆发时间/幅度的影响也将得到解决。面向过程的耦合生物和物理模型实验将集中在1998-2001年数据丰富的时期，当时发生了明显的大规模强迫条件。提供关于大规模强迫对沿海海洋生态系统动态和生产力的影响的新见解，将是我们对浮游植物大量繁殖动态的理解的重大进步，传统上，浮游植物大量动态一直关注局部强迫和季节变化。该项目将提供 1995-2006 年耦合模型每小时物理和生物输出的基于网络的开放档案，并生成一个经过测试的耦合生物物理模型系统，可用于缅因湾和其他沿海海洋的其他正在进行的（例如 ECOHAB）和未来的生态系统研究。 UMASSD-WHOI 正在开发的基于网络的海洋预报模型系统将直接从该项目中受益，帮助优化海洋观测站的设计，并帮助塑造相互依赖的模型观测系统的未来。 更广泛的影响：结果将广泛传播给一般研究、本科生和研究生教育界、K-12 机构以及利用研究人员现有基础设施通过基于网络的服务器传播给感兴趣的公众 机构。基于网络的用户将能够访问项目描述、科学结果、模型输入和输出档案、各个物理和生物领域的动画等。与新贝德福德 SEALAB 海洋科学教育中心和 WHOI/UMASS COSEE 项目的合作将促进与 K-12 教师和学生以及国内外公众的沟通。