Collaborative Research: Effect of a warming climate on Arctic shelf and basin Calanus populations: implications for Pan-Arctic ecosystem dynamics

合作研究：气候变暖对北极陆架和盆地哲水蚤种群的影响：对泛北极生态系统动态的影响

• 批准号: 0732152
• 负责人: Carin Ashjian
• 金额: $ 49.39万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0732152&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Effect; warming; climate

Copepods of the genus Calanus are the keystone pelagic species in Arctic pelagic ecosystems. Ecosystem structure in the Arctic Ocean and marginal seas is significantly influenced by Calanus population dynamics and production that in turn determines the amount of primary production available either for benthic or pelagic food webs. Calanus are an important food source for pelagic fish species such as capelin, herring, pollock, and larval cod. Therefore, it is not surprising that ecosystems that support a high biomass of these large-bodied, lipid-rich copepods also have rich fisheries (e.g. Bering and Barents Seas). Ongoing warming of the Arctic seas due to climate change will have dramatic impacts on the shelf and basin ecosystems, potentially leading to regime shifts or shifts of biogeographic boundaries of the Calanus spp. Such shifts can have dramatic impacts both to the shelf ecosystems and to the exchange of carbon between Arctic shelves and basins. Furthermore, changes in Arctic shelf ecosystem structure and function can cascade up to upper trophic levels including commercially important fish species and marine mammals that in turn can significantly impact both indigenous and world human populations. Biological-physical coupled models and numerical experimentation will be used to explore the physical and biological factors that control Calanus population dynamics and biogeographic boundaries in the Arctic Ocean and marginal seas, and to investigate the impacts of various climate warming scenarios on the potential for Calanus mediated regime shifts in these systems. The Arctic Ocean Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model integrated physical model system will be coupled to an individually-based Calanus model and a 4-stage Calanus concentration model. The physical model incorporates the atmosphere, ice, and ocean components of the system and establishes the environmental framework in which the Calanus population dynamics operate. The Chukchi and Barents Seas are similar in many ways yet different in others. The analyses will focus on these two shelf-seas and adjacent basins, however, the results of the analyses will be applicable to Calanus dynamics on all Arctic shelves. Data will be integrated from a wide range of physical and biological data sets, including the SBI program.

calanus属的co脚是北极层生态系统中的基石骨质物种。北极海洋和边际海洋中的生态系统结构受到calanus种群动态和生产的显着影响，这反过来又决定了底栖或骨髓食品网的主要生产量。 calanus是脊柱，鲱鱼，波洛克和幼虫鳕鱼等上层鱼类的重要食物来源。因此，毫不奇怪的是，支持这些大型，富含脂质的copepods的高生物质的生态系统也有丰富的渔业（例如，贝林和巴伦支海）。由于气候变化而导致的北极海洋的持续变暖将对货架和盆地生态系统产生巨大影响，这可能导致Calanus spp的生物地理边界的转移或变化。这种转变对货架生态系统以及北极货架和盆地之间的碳交换都会产生巨大影响。此外，北极架子生态系统结构和功能的变化可以升级到营养水平上升，包括商业重要的鱼类和海洋哺乳动物，而海洋哺乳动物又会显着影响土著和世界人类的人群。生物体物理耦合模型和数值实验将用于探索北极海洋和边际海洋中Calanus种群动力学和生物地理边界的物理和生物学因素，并研究各种气候变暖场景对Calanus介导的系统在这些系统中的潜在变化的影响。北极洋气有限量沿海海洋模型集成物理模型系统将耦合到一个基于单独的calanus模型和4阶段的calanus浓度模型。物理模型结合了系统的大气，冰和海洋组件，并建立了Calanus种群动态运行的环境框架。 Chukchi和Barents海在许多方面都相似，但在其他方面也有所不同。分析将集中在这两个架子 - 海边和相邻盆地上，但是，分析的结果将适用于所有北极架子上的calanus动力学。数据将从各种物理和生物学数据集（包括SBI程序）中集成。