Collaborative Research: Chemistry of the Earth's Deep Interior

智力优势。20世纪60年代活塞-气缸装置的发展彻底改变了地球内部的研究，允许模拟地球上地幔的条件。80年代多砧装置的普及使岩石学的研究范围扩展到下地幔顶部（下至750 km深度）。今天，激光加热金刚石对顶砧单元（DAC）和纳米级化学分析的进步为研究与地球深部内部相关的地球物理和地球化学问题提供了新的机会，超过100 GPa -一直到核心。该建议的目标是建立激光加热DAC作为研究极端条件下的化学质量传递的工具，例如在核幔边界（CMB）处发现的那些。我们提出了一个“概念验证”和技术开发研究，为更广泛的调查奠定基础。具体研究项目包括（1）Ni、Co在液态金属和液态硅酸盐之间的分配;（2）Re、Pt、Os在固态Fe和Fe-S熔体之间的分配。我们预计实验的压力范围将达到100 GPa，这使我们能够对地球形成期间假设的岩浆海洋的深度以及可能反映CMB和地核化学性质的地球化学特征进行实验限制。广泛影响拟议的研究将在岩石学，矿物物理学，地球化学和地球物理学的界面上开辟新的研究机会，并产生了解地球内部所需的高质量数据，并开发新的前沿研究前沿。该项目将涉及研究生和博士后助理的培训，并为他们提供有竞争力的研究经验。预期结果将在实验岩石学、地球化学、地球物理学、矿物物理学和地球动力学等领域产生广泛影响。此外，卡内基研究所和史密森尼国家自然历史博物馆之间的这种合作，确保了结果将传播给公众，K-12学生，国会议员和慈善家，并置于更广泛的背景下，以促进地球科学研究，提高地球科学在公共领域的知名度。

Intellectual Merit. The development of the piston-cylinder apparatus in the 1960s revolutionized the study of the Earth's interior, allowing simulation of conditions in the Earth's upper mantle. Popularization of the multi-anvil device in the 80's extended petrology's reach to the top of the lower mantle (down to 750 km depth). Today, advances in laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) and chemical analyses at the nano-scale open new opportunities for studying geophysical and geochemical problems related to the Earth's deep interior to greater than 100 GPa - all the way to the core. The goal of this proposal is to establish the laser-heated DAC as a tool to study chemical mass transfer under extreme conditions such as those found at the core-mantle boundary (CMB). We propose a "proof of concept" and technique development study to lay the groundwork for more extensive investigations. Specific projects include (1) Ni, Co partitioning between liquid metal and liquid silicate, and (2) Re, Pt, Os partitioning between solid Fe and Fe-S melt. We expect the experiments to range up to 100 GPa in pressure, allowing us to place experimental constraints on the depth of an hypothesized magma ocean during formation of the Earth, and the geochemical signatures that may reflect the chemistry of CMB and the Earth's core.Broad Impacts. The proposed research will open new research opportunities at the interface of petrology, mineral physics, geochemistry, and geophysics, and produce high-quality data that are necessary for understanding the interior of the Earth and develop new cutting-edge research frontiers. The project will involve training of graduate students and postdoctoral associates and provide them with competitive research experience. The expected results will have broad impact in many different fields including experimental petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, mineral physics, and geodynamics. Further, this collaboration between the Carnegie Institution and the Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History, ensures that the results will be disseminated to the lay-public, K-12 students, members of congress, and philanthropists, and placed within a broader context to promote Earth science research and increase the visibility of the Earth sciences in the public domain.