SGER: Long-term hurricane landfall records derived from marine microfossils in freshwater lake bed sediments

SGER：源自淡水湖床沉积物中海洋微化石的长期飓风登陆记录

• 批准号: 0748949
• 负责人: Harry Williams
• 金额: $ 0.74万
• 依托单位: University of North Texas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2009-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0748949&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Long; term; hurricane; landfall

This SGER proposal is a pilot study designed to test a novel new approach in the field of paleotempestology. The objective of the study is to test the hypothesis that hurricane storm surges are recorded by sediments rich in marine microfossils (foraminifera) in freshwater ponds and lakes several km inland from the coast. To date, most paleotempestology studies have been based on finding and dating sand layers transported by storm surges. This approach, however, has been limited by the relatively low number of suitable sites ? lakes and marshes within a few hundred meters of sandy shorelines ? and many areas, including the entire coastline of Texas, remain unstudied. If this new approach is proved viable, it has the potential to provide long-term records of hurricane strikes and to expand paleotempestology studies into many new areas that were previously thought to lack sites suitable for capturing a hurricane signal. The study will be conducted at the McFaddin Wildlife Refuge in southeast Texas. The refuge has numerous natural freshwater ponds and lakes lying within a few km of the coast that are known to have been flooded by historical hurricane storm surges. Sediment cores will be obtained from several pond and lake beds and will be examined for foraminifera-rich layers. A chronology for identified hurricane deposits will be established by a combination of cesium-137 and radiocarbon dating techniques.Intellectual meritThis project will build on a study by the PI of storm surge sediments deposited by Hurricane Rita (2005), including new findings on the microfossil content of the deposits. If the hypothesis tested in this study proves viable, it will represent a new approach in the field of paleotempestology that can be applied at many previously unstudied sites along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. This will increase the number and areal coverage of long-term hurricane records, which will be of considerable value in fields such as hurricane risk assessment, the role of hurricanes in coastal geomorphological evolution and studies of the relationship between hurricane activity cycles and climate change.Broader ImpactsThis project has important societal and educational benefits. Societal benefits will include improved assessments of the recurrence interval of hurricane strikes and associated hurricane risk. The approach developed in this project could result in improved spatial resolution of hurricane risk along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and a better understanding of the effects of climate change on hurricane activity. An undergraduate student from an underrepresented group will participate in the field and laboratory work and will be encouraged to contribute to conference presentations and publications. The results of this project will be broadly disseminated to enhance scientific and technical understanding in a variety of ways, reaching scientific researchers, policy-makers and the public-at-large. It is anticipated that this project will result in several conference presentations and peer-reviewed journal articles.

这个SGER建议是一个试点研究，旨在测试一种新的方法在古地震学领域。这项研究的目的是检验飓风风暴潮是由距海岸几公里的内陆淡水池塘和湖泊中富含海洋微化石（有孔虫）的沉积物记录下来的这一假设。迄今为止，大多数古风暴学研究都是基于对风暴潮搬运的砂层的发现和年代测定。然而，这种方法受到了合适地点数量相对较少的限制。在桑迪海岸线几百米范围内的湖泊和沼泽？许多地区，包括德克萨斯州的整个海岸线，仍然没有研究。如果这种新方法被证明是可行的，它有可能提供飓风袭击的长期记录，并将古风暴学研究扩展到许多以前被认为缺乏适合捕捉飓风信号的地点的新地区。这项研究将在德克萨斯州东南部的麦克法丁野生动物保护区进行。该避难所有许多天然淡水池塘和湖泊，位于距离海岸几公里的地方，已知这些湖泊曾被历史上的飓风风暴潮淹没。将从几个池塘和湖床取得沉积物芯，并将检查有孔虫丰富的层。将结合铯-137和放射性碳测年技术，确定已确定的飓风沉积物的年代。智力价值这一项目将建立在PI对飓风丽塔（2005年）沉积的风暴潮沉积物的研究基础上，包括对沉积物微化石含量的新发现。如果在这项研究中测试的假设被证明是可行的，它将代表一个新的方法，在古风暴学领域，可以应用在许多以前未研究的网站沿着大西洋和海湾沿岸。这将增加长期飓风记录的数量和覆盖面，这将在飓风风险评估、飓风在沿海地貌演变中的作用以及飓风活动周期与气候变化之间关系的研究等领域具有相当大的价值。社会效益将包括更好地评估飓风袭击的复发间隔和相关的飓风风险。该项目开发的方法可以提高对大西洋和墨西哥湾沿着飓风风险的空间分辨率，并更好地了解气候变化对飓风活动的影响。来自代表性不足的群体的本科生将参加实地和实验室工作，并将被鼓励为会议演讲和出版物做出贡献。这一项目的成果将广泛传播，以各种方式提高科学和技术认识，使科学研究人员、决策者和广大公众都能了解。预计这一项目将产生若干会议报告和同行评审的期刊文章。