Collaborative Research: An ultra-high resolution, multiproxy study of the past 2,000 years of climate change in Southern California.

智力优势：这项研究旨在对圣巴巴拉盆地南加州过去2,000年的气候变化进行高分辨率的多代理研究。这项研究将提高预测南加州对全球变暖的环境反应的能力，并将有助于了解区域降水、极端天气事件和海洋环流如何对该地区过去的全新世气候变化作出反应。高分辨率的古气候数据将收集在沉积物芯，跨越小冰期间隔，中世纪气候异常，并在20世纪和21世纪的快速变暖。项目目标是以约10年的分辨率重建目标间隔的海面温度变化。通过扫描X射线荧光技术，以1-2年的分辨率重建输入盆地的生物和岩性沉积物，也将用于识别极端天气事件。从这个时间序列的数据将比较与陆地古气候记录的树木年轮，花粉剖面，和考古日期。将对多个箱式和卡斯滕岩心进行取样，并分析放射性碳和纹层，以限制年龄。多物种浮游有孔虫Mg/Ca比率和氧同位素分析将阐明海洋表面温度。对有孔虫、放射虫和硅藻的普查计数将提供关于水柱结构和生物生产力季节性变化的信息。结果将允许生态系统重建，并将告知我们过去2,000年的气候条件和陆地/海洋反应。还将分析数据，试图找到与太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）和厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）相关的任何周期性。更广泛的影响：在目前气候变暖的情况下，气候变化对人力资源的区域影响具有重大的社会意义。该项目将支助两名女首席执行官，并促进对若干研究生和本科生的专业培训。将努力利用现有的少数民族外联引擎，从在科学领域代表性不足的群体中招收学生。这项工作的结果将通过地球指南网站在因特网上向公众广泛传播，其中将包括高中一级的有关课程。

Intellectual Merit: This research seeks to carry out a high-resolution multiproxy study of climate change over the last 2,000 year in Southern California in the Santa Barbara Basin. The research will improve the ability to predict the environmental response to global warming in Southern California and will help to understand how regional precipitation, extreme weather events and ocean circulation responded to past Holocene climate change in the area. High resolution paleoclimate data will be collected on sediment cores that span the Little Ice Age interval, Medieval Climate Anomaly, and the rapid warming in the 20th and 21st Centuries. Project objectives will be reconstruction of sea surface temperature shifts for the targeted intervals at ~10 year resolution. Reconstruction of the biogenic and lithologic sedimentary input into the basin with a 1-2 year resolution via scanning XRF will also be used to identify extreme weather events. Data from this time series will be compared with terrestrial paleoclimate records in terms of tree rings, pollen profiles, and archeological dates. Multiple box and Kasten cores will be sampled and analyzed for radiocarbon and varves to constrain ages. Multi-species planktonic foram Mg/Ca ratios and oxygen isotope analyses will illuminate sea surface temperatures. Census counts of forams, radiolarians, and diatoms will provide information on seasonal shifts in water column structure and bioproductivity. Results will allow ecosystem reconstructions and will inform us about the climate conditions and land/ocean responses in the last 2,000 years. Data will be also analyzed to try and find any periodicities associated with Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Broader Impacts: The regional effect of climate change on human resources is of significant societal importance under the present conditions of climate warming. This project will support two female PIs and advance the professional training of several graduate and undergraduate students. Efforts will be made to recruit students from groups under-represented in the sciences using established minority outreach engines. Results of the work will be broadly disseminated to the public over the Internet through the EarthGuide website, which will include related curriculum at the high school level.