Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Population Structure and Demographic History of Prehistoric Alaskan Populations Using Ancient DNA and Cranial Morphology

博士论文改进：利用古代 DNA 和颅骨形态学研究史前阿拉斯加人群的人口结构和人口历史

• 批准号: 0752134
• 负责人: Erik Trinkaus
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0752134&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Population; Structure

One of the long standing questions in anthropological science is the correlation over time between biological change and associated material culture. When presented with evidence for replacement of associated technology and cultural attributes, to what extent can the assumption be made that the populations have been replaced as well? Since the initial excavations at Point Hope, Alaska by Larsen and Rainey in 1942, scientists have examined the relationship between pre-contact Tigara (800-300yBP) and Ipiutak (2100-1300 yr BP) material cultures. Based on carbon 14 dates and associated archaeology, these two groups have both distinct temporal and cultural affiliations. While the associated archaeology suggests a cultural change at Point Hope between 1200-600 yr BP, the relationship between this cultural shift and any human biological changes is not clear. The primary goal of this research is to evaluate alternative hypotheses concerning population continuity by quantifying the molecular and morphological differences between the Ipiutak and Tigara populations. The purpose for doing this is two-fold: to assess whether genetic differentiation through time tracks with cultural attribute changes at Point Hope, and to make a methodological comparison between different types of genetic data used to explore population structure changes over time. Morphological variation in discrete and quantitative cranial traits will be used in conjunction with ancient mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in order to quantify population structure changes between the two time periods. Population changes will then be placed in a broader biological context through comparison with other Circum-Arctic and Native American populations.With a recent upsurge in interest of the impact of climate change on the environment, this is an appropriate time to get an historical overview of how environmental dynamics have affected population structure and cultural lifeways over time. This research will lead to new insights concerning how historic populations have dealt with environmental difficulties through migration and cultural adaptation. The unique relationship of the sample populations, located at the same coastal Arctic site yet separated by over 1000 years, presents a unique opportunity for applying morphological and molecular analysis methods for addressing issues of population continuity over time through periods of environmental instability. In addition, this research will provide new molecular data from historical Arctic populations. These analyses will help us better understand the radiation of human biological diversity, providing new insights into the correlation between genetic and cultural change, with applications to similar contexts where this relationship is important to understanding population dynamics.Results of this research will have considerable broader impact. All data and results will be presented to members of the Point Hope Inupiat; data on mtDNA will also be made available to the publicly accessible genbank and American Museum of Natural History's genetic data bases. These data will shed light on the radiation of human biological diversity, providing new insights into the relationship(s) between genetic and cultural change, and facilitating broader understanding of population dynamics.

人类学科学中一个长期存在的问题是生物变化与相关物质文化之间的相关性。当相关技术和文化属性被替换的证据出现时，在多大程度上可以假设人口也被替换了？自1942年拉森和雷尼在阿拉斯加的霍普角首次发掘以来，科学家们已经研究了接触前的提加拉（800- 300 yBP）和伊皮乌塔克（2100-1300 yBP）物质文化之间的关系。根据碳14年代和相关考古学，这两个群体有着不同的时间和文化联系。虽然相关的考古学表明，在1200-600年BP之间的希望点的文化变化，这种文化转变和任何人类生物学变化之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究的主要目标是通过量化Ipiutak和Tigara种群之间的分子和形态差异来评估关于种群连续性的替代假设。这样做的目的是双重的：评估是否通过时间的遗传分化跟踪与文化属性的变化在希望点，并进行方法比较不同类型的遗传数据，用于探索人口结构随时间的变化。离散和定量颅骨特征的形态学变化将与古代线粒体DNA序列变化结合使用，以量化两个时期之间的人口结构变化。人口的变化，然后将放置在一个更广泛的生物背景下，通过与其他环北极和美洲原住民population.With兴趣的气候变化对环境的影响，最近高涨，这是一个适当的时间来获得一个历史的概述，环境动态如何影响人口结构和文化生活方式随着时间的推移。这项研究将导致关于历史上的人口如何通过移民和文化适应来应对环境困难的新见解。位于同一个沿海北极地区但相隔1000多年的样本种群之间的独特关系，为应用形态学和分子分析方法解决环境不稳定时期种群连续性问题提供了一个独特的机会。此外，这项研究将提供来自历史北极种群的新分子数据。这些分析将有助于我们更好地理解人类生物多样性的辐射，为遗传和文化变化之间的相关性提供新的见解，并将其应用于类似的环境，这种关系对于理解种群动态非常重要。 所有数据和结果将提交给Point Hope Inupiat的成员; mtDNA数据也将提供给公众可访问的基因库和美国自然历史博物馆的遗传数据库。 这些数据将揭示人类生物多样性的辐射，为遗传和文化变化之间的关系提供新的见解，并促进更广泛地了解人口动态。