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Dissertation Research: The Functional Anatomy of Late Pleistocene and Resent Human Carpometacarpal and Metacarpophalangeal Articulations

论文研究：晚更新世及近代人类腕掌、掌指关节的功能解剖学

基本信息

批准号：
9712593
负责人：
Erik Trinkaus
金额：
$ 0.54万
依托单位：
University of New Mexico
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1997-08-01 至 1999-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9712593&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research Functional Anatomy Late

项目摘要

This project examines the relationships between the shapes and orientations of hand joints and the levels and directions of forces normally transmitted through the hands of archaic and recent humans. The skeletal samples to be studied consist of Neandertals, Near Eastern early modern humans, Upper Paleolithic humans (90,000 to 20,000 years B.P.) and recent Holocene humans. Both Neandertals and early modern humans used similar Middle Paleolithic stone tools, whereas later Upper Paleolithic humans are associated with stone tool industries having higher frequencies of smaller, standardized tool types which required an increased range of both power and precision grips to manufacture and employ. The three-dimensional shape and orientation of the wrist and finger articulations are measured using stereo-photogrammetry. Correlation analysis is used to determine the relative contribution of habitual force levels and hand muscle mechanical advantages, to between-sample differences in joint shapes. The existence of between-sample differences in hand joint anatomy indicative of altered frequencies of manipulative behaviors that cannot be explained by force transmission levels would confirm that significant behavioral differences in tool manipulation existed between Late Pleistocene human groups. Ultimately, between-group differences in tool usage could have contributed to the eventual adaptive success of early anatomically modern humans.

这个项目研究了手关节的形状和方向与古代和现代人类通常通过手传递的力的水平和方向之间的关系。待研究的骨骼样本包括尼安德特人、近东早期现代人、旧石器时代晚期人类（距今90，000年至20，000年）和全新世人类的关系尼安德特人和早期现代人都使用类似的旧石器时代中期的石器工具，而后来的旧石器时代晚期的人类与石器工业有关，这些工业具有更高频率的较小的标准化工具类型，这些工具类型需要更大范围的动力和精确的夹具来制造和使用。使用立体摄影测量法测量手腕和手指关节的三维形状和方向。相关性分析用于确定习惯性力量水平和手部肌肉机械优势对样本间关节形状差异的相对贡献。手关节解剖学样本间差异的存在表明操纵行为的频率改变，这不能用力传递水平来解释，这将证实晚更新世人类群体之间存在工具操纵的显著行为差异。最终，工具使用的组间差异可能有助于早期解剖学现代人类最终的适应性成功。