FRG: Spin and Valley Measurements in Silicon Quantum Devices

* 非技术摘要 * 现代电子设备通过控制电子在半导体中的位置和运动来工作。 过去和现在的设备一次可以处理相对大量的电子，但是越来越小的设备正在不断发展，包括那些一次控制和操纵一个电子的设备。 在这种单电子器件中，量子力学的作用尤其重要，而且可能非常有用。 材料特性对于实现这种器件很重要，而硅具有特别有用的特性。 最近已经实现了其中可以控制和操纵单个电子的硅器件的制造。 该项目将优化，表征和进一步开发这些材料和设备，旨在实现量子力学是关键因素的潜在变革性应用。 其中一个应用就是量子计算机，它有望比今天使用的经典计算机强大得多。参加该项目的研究生将获得宝贵的跨学科培训。此外，该项目还将为高中教师开设一个新的讲习班，为理解现代纳米器件的操作和功能提供必要的背景知识，包括量子力学的作用。该奖项得到了材料研究和物理部门以及多学科活动办公室的支持。技术摘要 * 研究表明，半导体中的门控量子点可以被调整为包含可控数量的电子，并且可以通过使用集成的电荷传感器来非侵入性地监测该数量。 硅中的量子点特别令人感兴趣，因为仅包含少数电子的硅量子点中的电子自旋相干时间预计会相当长。这是一个可能对存储和操纵量子信息有用的特征。 该项目的重点是材料特性对硅/硅锗量子点中自旋的相干性和控制的基本作用。除了研究自旋的操纵和自旋相干时间的测量外，本项目将专注于硅/硅锗量子器件的设计，模拟，制造和测量，以研究谷自由度及其与自旋相互作用的物理学。 参加该项目的学生将获得宝贵的跨学科培训。该项目还包括为高中教师开设一个新的讲习班。 该研讨会旨在为理解现代纳米器件的基本操作和功能提供必要的背景，特别是量子力学的作用。 该研讨会将在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的物理外联专家一起完成。 该项目得到了材料研究和物理部门以及多学科活动办公室的支持。

****NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****Modern electronic devices work by controlling the location and motion of electrons through semiconductors. Past and current devices work with relatively large numbers of electrons at a time, but there is a continuing drive towards smaller and smaller devices, including those that control and manipulate one electron at a time. In such one-electron devices, the role of quantum mechanics is especially important and potentially useful. Materials properties are important in enabling such devices, and silicon has especially useful characteristics. Fabrication of silicon devices in which individual electrons can be controlled and manipulated has recently been achieved. This project will optimize, characterize, and further develop these materials and devices with the aim of enabling potentially transformative applications in which quantum mechanics is a critical factor. One such application is the quantum computer, which promises to be much more powerful than the classical computers used today. Graduate students participating in this project will obtain valuable interdisciplinary training. In addition, the project will involve the creation of a new workshop for high school teachers, to provide the necessary background for understanding the operation and functionality of modern nanodevices, including the role of quantum mechanics. This award receives support from the Divisions of Materials Research and Physics, as well as the Office of Multidisciplinary Activities.****TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****Research has shown that gated quantum dots in semiconductors can be tuned to contain a controllable number of electrons, and that number can be monitored noninvasively by using integrated charge sensors. Quantum dots in silicon are of particular interest because the electron spin coherence times in silicon quantum dots containing only a few electrons are expected to be quite long ? a feature that may be useful for storing and manipulating quantum information. This project focuses on the fundamental role of materials properties on the coherence and control of spins in silicon/silicon-germanium quantum dots. In addition to research on the manipulation of spin and the measurement of spin coherence times, this project will focus on the design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement of silicon/silicon-germanium quantum devices to study the physics of the valley degree of freedom and its interaction with spin. Students participating in this project will obtain valuable interdisciplinary training. The project also involves the creation of a new workshop for high school teachers. The workshop is designed to provide the necessary context for understanding the basic operation and functionality of modern nanodevices, particularly the role of quantum mechanics. The workshops will be accomplished in conjunction with physics outreach specialists at UW-Madison. The project receives support from the Divisions of Materials Research and Physics, as well as the Office of Multidisciplinary Activities.