DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Effect of Mutation Rate on Mitochondrial Genome Evolution in the Angiosperm Genus Silene

分子进化领域的一个核心挑战是阐明产生存在于生命之树中的基因组组织、结构和功能的巨大多样性的机制。拟议的研究将通过比较两种密切相关的开花植物（宽叶蝇子草和黄花蝇子草）的线粒体DNA序列，结构和功能来研究突变率在差异性塑造基因组进化中的作用，这两种植物的线粒体突变率相差超过100倍。对于每个物种，将对整个线粒体基因组进行沿着测序，同时从叶绿体基因组中提取基因样本（物种之间的突变率没有任何差异），并通过测序cDNA鉴定RNA编辑和内含子剪接模式。鉴于开花植物的线粒体基因组与多细胞生物的核基因组之间存在许多共性（例如非编码DNA的增殖），这项工作的影响将扩展到核基因组的进化和功能。阐明线粒体突变的动力学对于理解人类的各种线粒体病理和植物细胞质雄性不育的机制基础具有潜在的重要性，细胞质雄性不育是农业系统中非常重要的现象。注释的线粒体基因组序列将在不同的研究领域，包括育种系统进化，集合种群遗传学，细胞器传输，系统学和分子进化的Silene研究社区具有更广泛的价值。此外，这项研究将提供一个宝贵的机会，培养弗吉尼亚大学的本科生在分子遗传学和生物信息学的现代技术。

A central challenge in the field of molecular evolution is to elucidate the mechanisms that have produced the enormous diversity in genome organization, structure and function that exists across the tree of life. The proposed research will examine the role of mutation rates in differentially shaping genome evolution by comparing the mitochondrial DNA sequence, structure and function for two closely related species of flowering plants (Silene latifolia and Silene noctiflora) that differ more than 100-fold in mitochondrial mutation rates. For each species, the entire mitochondrial genome will be sequenced along with a sample of genes from the chloroplast genome (which does not exhibit any differences in mutation rate between the species), and patterns of RNA editing and intron splicing will be identified by sequencing cDNA. Given the many commonalities between the mitochondrial genomes of flowering plants and the nuclear genomes of multicellular organisms (such as the proliferation of non-coding DNA), the implications of this work will extend to the evolution and function of the nuclear genome. Elucidating the dynamics of mitochondrial mutations is potentially important for understanding a wide variety of mitochondrial pathologies in humans and the mechanistic basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in plants, a phenomenon that is of great importance in agricultural systems. Annotated mitochondrial genome sequences will be of broader value to the Silene research community in diverse fields of study including breeding system evolution, metapopulation genetics, organelle transmission, systematics and molecular evolution. Also, the research will provide a valuable opportunity to train University of Virginia undergraduates in the modern techniques of molecular genetics and bioinformatics.