DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Separating Stochastic Events From Adaptive Evolution During A Biological Invasion

论文研究：在生物入侵期间将随机事件与适应性进化分开

• 批准号: 0608358
• 负责人: Douglas Taylor
• 金额: $ 0.84万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0608358&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Separating; Stochastic; Events

Invasive species are a worldwide problem, but the degree to which evolutionary processes influence invasibility is poorly understood. A fundamental question is how the process of invasion results in genetic changes that impact the fitness of introduced populations. Addressing this question is complicated by the fact that genetic changes can occur both as a consequence of chance events and by adaptation in response to natural selection. Little is known about the relative influence of these two distinct processes on the success of invaders. The proposed research studies a weedy plant native to Europe and introduced to North America about 200 years ago. Molecular tools will be employed to reveal how chance events during colonization shaped genetic diversity, and to identify the source areas in Europe from which invaders are descended. European and North American plants descended from the same ancestral sources will then be grown together in two experimental gardens within North America to analyze how divergence in adaptively important traits has occurred after controlling for underlying ancestry. The impact of invasive species includes a heavy economic burden, with yearly losses for the U.S. in the billions of dollars. Thus the broader impact of this study will be to advance the understanding of how species become successful invaders, and help illuminate the basis of an important applied problem.

入侵物种是一个世界性的问题，但进化过程对入侵能力的影响程度尚不清楚。一个基本的问题是，入侵过程如何导致基因变化，从而影响引入种群的适应度。基因变化既可能是偶然事件的结果，也可能是对自然选择的适应，这一事实使解决这个问题变得复杂。关于这两个截然不同的过程对入侵者成功的相对影响，我们知之甚少。这项拟议的研究研究了一种原产于欧洲的杂草植物，大约200年前被引入北美。分子工具将被用来揭示殖民期间的偶然事件如何塑造遗传多样性，并确定入侵者来自欧洲的源头地区。然后，来自相同祖先来源的欧洲和北美植物将一起种植在北美的两个试验园中，以分析在控制潜在祖先后，适应性重要性状的差异是如何发生的。入侵物种的影响包括沉重的经济负担，每年给美国造成数十亿美元的损失。因此，这项研究的更广泛影响将是促进对物种如何成为成功的入侵者的理解，并有助于阐明一个重要应用问题的基础。