Cone-Forming Explosive Eruptions of Basalt Magma: Etna, Kilauea, Stromboli

玄武岩岩浆形成锥体的爆炸性喷发：埃特纳火山、基拉韦厄火山、斯特龙博利火山

• 批准号: 0810332
• 负责人: Bruce Houghton
• 金额: $ 29.55万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-11-01 至 2012-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0810332&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cone; Forming; Explosive; Eruptions; Basalt

Kilauea has produced eruptions with high fountaining (400m) activity in 1959, 1960, 1969(-1974) and 1983-1986(-2007) as well as other summit (1971, 1974, 1982) and flank eruptions characterized by low fountaining activity. This study considers the eruption dynamics and products of the best-documented examples of these eruptive episodes. The immediate goal is to develop integrated models for the full range of styles and intensities of Hawaiian explosive volcanism, making it possible to compare activity there with other well documented Strombolian and basaltic subplinian eruptions and to create a new self-consistent classification for their pyroclastic products. The work will be divided into six sub-projects as follows: re-analysis of movie/video footage, new isopach and stratigraphic studies, grain size/componentry, microtextures, pre-eruptive volatile analysis, magma rheology and modeling.Intellectual merit: This work will expand understanding of how basaltic systems erupt in Hawaiian (and Strombolian fashion) and enhance classifications of these types of explosive events by using the best documented recent examples from the volcano. His work is expected to improve classification of less well-documented basaltic eruptions, where eruptive style and intensity must be inferred from the pyroclastic deposits. This work will ultimately aid in forecasting future explosive eruptions at Kilauea and other analogous basaltic systems.Broader Impacts: An understanding of the factors promoting diversity of basaltic explosive eruptions is of fundamental importance in order to improve prediction of the behaviors of these volcanoes and to assess hazards of future explosive events at basaltic volcanoes. Kilauea is the site of a large and growing volcano-tourism operations and there is a public need both for better knowledge of the volcano's behavior and improved forecasting of the likely course of future eruptions. Results will be widely disseminated via the Internet using linked web sites hosted by Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and University of Hawaii. Additionally, the project will bring together one graduate and several undergraduate students into research contact with a team of established researchers comprising 4 sub-disciplines in volcanology.

基拉韦厄在1959年、1960年、1969年（-1974年）和1983-1986年（-2007年）产生了高喷泉（400米）活动的喷发，以及其他以低喷泉活动为特征的山顶（1971年、1974年、1982年）和侧翼喷发。本研究认为，这些喷发事件的最佳记录的例子的喷发动力学和产品。目前的目标是为夏威夷爆发性火山活动的各种类型和强度开发综合模型，使其能够将那里的活动与其他有据可查的斯特龙博利期和玄武质subplinian喷发进行比较，并为其火山碎屑产物创建一个新的自洽分类。这项工作将分为以下六个分项目：电影/录像片段的再分析、新的等厚线和地层研究、粒度/成分、显微结构、喷发前挥发物分析、岩浆流变学和建模。这项工作将扩大对夏威夷玄武岩系统如何爆发的理解。（和Strombolian时尚），并通过使用最好的记录最近的例子，从火山加强这些类型的爆炸事件的分类。他的工作有望改善记录较少的玄武岩喷发的分类，其中喷发风格和强度必须从火山碎屑沉积物中推断。这项工作将最终有助于预测未来的爆炸性喷发在基拉韦厄和其他类似的玄武岩system.Broader影响：促进玄武岩爆炸性喷发的多样性的因素的理解是至关重要的，以提高预测这些火山的行为和评估未来的玄武岩火山爆炸事件的危害。基拉韦厄是一个大型和不断增长的火山旅游业务的网站，有一个公众需要更好地了解火山的行为和改善未来喷发的可能过程的预测。将利用夏威夷火山观测站和夏威夷大学主办的链接网站，通过因特网广泛传播结果。此外，该项目将汇集一名研究生和几名本科生，与一个由火山学4个子学科组成的既定研究人员团队进行研究接触。