Collaborative Research: Hawaiian and Subplinian Basaltic Volcanism: Constraints on Eruption Dynamics from Kilauea

合作研究：夏威夷和亚普林阶玄武岩火山活动：基拉韦厄火山喷发动力学的限制

• 批准号: 1145159
• 负责人: Bruce Houghton
• 金额: $ 16.99万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1145159&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hawaiian; Subplinian; Basaltic

Understanding the forces controlling basaltic explosive eruptions is of fundamental importance in order to improve understanding of the range of behaviors of our most frequently active volcanoes and to assess hazards of future explosive events. The summit of Kîlauea is the site of large and growing volcano-tourism (e.g., 5000 visitors/day at the overlook at Jaggar Museum), and there is a public need both for better knowledge of the volcanoes' behavior and improved forecasting of the likely course of future eruptions. Although not its usual style, explosive eruptions have punctuated Kîlauea's history, with five moderately large events since 1500 CE. The study quantifies and models the dominant factors that determine explosive eruptive behavior at Kilauea volcano, through a study of the eruptive products from three plume-forming and fountaining eruptions. The events are episode 1 of the highest historical fountaining eruption at Kîlauea, the 1959 Kîlauea Iki eruption, a much earlier powerful fountaining eruption in 1480 CE and a powerful; plume-forming eruption in 1635 CE.The novelty of the approach lies in using new 'rate-meters' to estimate likely durations of magma ascent beneath the volcano to arrive at the influence of this residence time on the ultimate 'fate' of the magma. The investigators will study microtextures (vesicles and microlites), volatiles in melt inclusions, and embayments in eruptive products.In addition to direct support for 3 graduate students and undergraduate students, results will contribute to educational outreach efforts anchored on development of volcanology classes at University of Hawaii, Columbia University and Rice University. The proposal involves exchange of material and ideas between five institutions to the benefit of young researchers, and undergraduate and graduate classes. Our results will be widely disseminated via the Internet using linked web sites hosted by Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and NSF-funded institutions.

了解控制玄武岩爆发的力量是至关重要的，以提高我们最频繁的活火山的行为范围的理解，并评估未来爆炸事件的危害。克基拉岛的山顶是大型和不断增长的火山旅游的地点（例如，贾格尔博物馆观景台每天接待5000名游客），公众需要更好地了解火山的行为，并改进对未来火山喷发可能进程的预测。 虽然不是它通常的风格，但爆发性喷发已经打断了Kemlauea的历史，自公元1500年以来发生了五次中等规模的事件。该研究量化和建模的主导因素，决定爆炸性喷发行为在基拉韦厄火山，通过研究从三个羽状形成和喷泉喷发的喷发产物。这些事件是历史上最高的喷泉喷发在Kellauea，1959年Kellauea伊基喷发，一个更早的强大的喷泉喷发在1480 CE和一个强大的第1集;这种方法的新奇在于使用了新的“速率”，米'来估计可能持续时间的岩浆上升下火山到达的影响，这驻留时间的最终'命运'的岩浆。调查人员将研究微观结构（囊泡和微晶），熔融包裹体中的挥发物，以及喷发产物中的海湾。除了直接支持3名研究生和本科生，结果将有助于教育推广工作，以发展夏威夷大学，哥伦比亚大学和莱斯大学的火山学课程为基础。该提案涉及五个机构之间的材料和思想交流，以使年轻研究人员以及本科生和研究生班受益。我们的结果将通过因特网利用夏威夷火山观测站和国家科学基金会资助的机构主办的链接网站广泛传播。