CNH: Globalization and the Connection of Remote Communities: Environmental Implications

CNH：全球化与偏远社区的联系：环境影响

• 批准号: 0815966
• 负责人: Daniel Kramer
• 金额: $ 105.71万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0815966&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Globalization; Connection; Remote; Communities

The forces of globalization increasingly are penetrating the remote communities of the world and are likely to affect profoundly the local use of natural resources. Remote communities, those that lie at the periphery of existing global market, migration, and technology networks, are increasingly connecting to these networks through infrastructure projects such as roads, rail, ports, and communication technologies. Because remote communities often are found in close proximity to abundant and relatively intact natural resources, an understanding how the forces of globalization interact with tightly coupled human and natural systems in remote communities is central to achieving environmental sustainability. Causal pathways linking global connection to environmental effects are complex and often are mediated by myriad factors, including household economics; human, social, and physical capital assets of households and communities; local governance and knowledge; formal and informal institutions; culture; and gender dynamics. Previous studies have provided limited and often contradictory accounts of these pathways and effects due to their narrow scope, limited time frames, and research design. This interdisciplinary research project will address these concerns and provide answers to the overall question: What are the impacts on human and natural systems of the connection of remote communities to global networks of markets, migration, and technology? The project's objectives are to determine the effects of market, migration, and technology integration in remote communities on local agricultural, forest, and marine resources while identifying and accounting for possible mediating factors. The research sites are twelve small communities along the heretofore isolated Caribbean "Mosquito" Coast of Nicaragua. The communities vary in their degree of connectedness to urban centers and therefore to global networks via new infrastructure. The investigators will employ a variety of data collection strategie, including (1) household surveys; (2) key informant interviews with community leaders and local government officials; (3) assessments of agricultural, forestry, and marine ecosystems; (4) satellite imagery of land use change; and (5) market surveys for the agricultural, forestry, and marine sectors. Their analytical methods will include land-cover change analysis, empirical modeling and statistical analyses, and agent-based modeling.This study will test and extend theories of the influence of external forces of globalization on human and natural systems in remote communities. As the reach of these forces continues to extend, understanding their impact and developing strategies for mitigating their harmful effects is of the utmost environmental, economic, and social importance. Project results will help policy makers and leaders of understudied remote communities better anticipate and plan for changes coming from global connection, and they will help guide resource use and management. By incorporating the exogenous factors of markets, migration, and technology along with various household characteristics, the project's analytical approach for examining environmental impacts will provide a language for scholars from a wide range of disciplines to interact on a broad basis for collaboration on similar problems associated the impacts of globalization on remote communities. The project also will have educational impact by engaging students of all levels, at home and abroad, in the discussion and analysis of the project's research themes. This project is supported by the NSF Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program.

全球化的力量日益渗透到世界的偏远地区，很可能深刻地影响到当地对自然资源的利用。那些位于现有全球市场、移民和技术网络边缘的偏远社区，正越来越多地通过公路、铁路、港口和通信技术等基础设施项目与这些网络相连。由于偏远社区往往靠近丰富和相对完整的自然资源，了解全球化的力量如何与偏远社区紧密耦合的人类和自然系统相互作用，对于实现环境可持续性至关重要。将全球联系与环境影响联系起来的因果途径是复杂的，往往受到无数因素的影响，包括家庭经济；家庭和社区的人力、社会和物质资本资产；地方治理和知识；正式和非正式机构；文化;性别动态。先前的研究由于范围狭窄、时间框架有限和研究设计，对这些途径和影响提供了有限的、经常是相互矛盾的解释。这个跨学科的研究项目将解决这些问题，并提供一个总体问题的答案：偏远社区与全球市场、移民和技术网络的连接对人类和自然系统的影响是什么？该项目的目标是确定偏远社区的市场、移民和技术一体化对当地农业、森林和海洋资源的影响，同时确定和考虑可能的中介因素。研究地点是沿着迄今为止与世隔绝的尼加拉瓜加勒比海“蚊子”海岸的12个小社区。这些社区与城市中心的联系程度各不相同，因此通过新的基础设施与全球网络的联系程度也各不相同。调查人员将采用多种数据收集策略，包括：(1)住户调查；(2)与社区领导和当地政府官员进行关键信息者访谈；(3)农业、林业和海洋生态系统评价；(4)土地利用变化卫星影像；(5)农业、林业和海洋部门的市场调查。他们的分析方法将包括土地覆盖变化分析、实证建模和统计分析以及基于主体的建模。这项研究将检验和扩展全球化外部力量对偏远社区人类和自然系统影响的理论。随着这些力量的影响范围不断扩大，了解它们的影响并制定减轻其有害影响的战略对环境、经济和社会至关重要。项目成果将有助于政策制定者和偏远社区的领导人更好地预测和规划全球连接带来的变化，并有助于指导资源的利用和管理。通过将市场、移民和技术等外生因素与各种家庭特征结合起来，该项目审查环境影响的分析方法将为来自广泛学科的学者提供一种语言，以便在广泛的基础上就与全球化对偏远社区的影响有关的类似问题进行互动合作。该项目还将通过吸引国内外各级学生参与项目研究主题的讨论和分析，产生教育影响。本项目由美国国家科学基金会自然与人类系统耦合动力学（CNH）项目资助。