Data Integration and Model Development to Mitigate Urban Flooding Hazards Linked to Sea Level Rise

该项目的目标是创建新的、最先进的、基于物理的模型，利用通常存储在图形信息系统(GIS)中的城市地区的现代数据集。海平面自然每天随着潮汐起伏，并受到风暴等其他因素的影响。但如果由于全球变暖，总体平均海平面更高，那么最高潮汐将比以往任何时候都要高。南加州海岸线是本次研究的重点，沿线有许多地面高度接近海平面的都市化港口地区。为了保护这些地区不受涨潮和海浪的影响，经常使用包括海堤(也称为舱壁)和泵站在内的基础设施。今天，沿海社区开始问，还应该做些什么来为未来提供保护。要考虑的选择包括结构性措施，如加强沿海防御，以及非结构性措施，如减少洪灾易发地区资产价值的政策变化。为了评估这些选择并实现特定地点的洪水风险管理，需要洪水模拟，该项目的目的是创建新的模拟模型，这些模型是为城市化的沿海景观量身定做的。将开展基础研究，以提高基于物理的模型的运行效率，将洪水淹没模型与考虑地下管流的暴雨排水模型相结合，并考虑波浪对沿海洪水的影响。此外，该项目将努力在地理信息系统框架内实施这些模型，以支持基础设施管理。绩效指标将与纽波特海滩市密切合作，以确保模型输出提供对决策有用的信息类型，并教育决策者正确使用和解释模型生成的数据。他们还将为南加州其他沿海社区的代表举办讲习班，有针对性地传播技术进步，扩大工作的影响。加利福尼亚州对全球气候变化的认识日益增强，政府官员越来越愿意考虑采取务实的措施来应对不利影响。然而，沿海社区需要领导才能采取具有成本效益的行动。绩效指标旨在提供这种领导，以纽波特海滩为案例研究，展示如何将模型生成的洪水数据集成到地理信息系统中，以支持洪水风险管理。地方政府在地理信息系统人员和数据上投入了大量资源，因此这些模型将为这项投资提供附加值。该项目还将推进城市洪水淹没模型的科学研究，回答有关新数据类型的最佳使用、地表、地下和波浪模型之间的必要耦合程度以及有效建模的策略等问题。这些进展将改善全球城市洪水风险管理技术。最后，该项目将包括努力在未被充分代表的本科工程学学生群体中培养洪水建模技能，并招募有才华的学生在加州大学欧文分校攻读研究生课程。

The goal of this project is to create new, state-of-the-art, physics-based models that exploit the modern datasets of urban areas commonly stored in Graphical Information Systems (GIS). Sea levels naturally rise and fall each day with the tides and are affected by other factors such as storms. But if mean sea levels are higher overall due to global warming, then the highest high tides will be higher than ever before. Along the Southern California coastline, which is the focus of this study, there are many urbanized harbor areas where the ground height is near sea level. To protect these areas from flooding by high tides and waves, infrastructure including sea walls (also known as bulkheads) and pump stations are often used. And today coastal communities are beginning to ask what else should be done to provide protection for the future. Options to consider include structural measures such as stronger coastal defenses as well as non-structural measures such as policy changes that reduce the value of assets in flood-prone areas. To evaluate these options and enable site-specific flood risk management, flooding simulations are needed and the aim of this project is to create new simulation models that are uniquely tailored to urbanized coastal landscapes. Basic research will be carried out to make physics-based models run more efficiently, to couple flood inundation models with storm drain models that account for subsurface pipe flows, and to account for the impact of waves on coastal flooding. In addition, the project will strive to implement these models within a GIS framework to support infrastructure management.The PIs will work closely with the City of Newport Beach to ensure that model output delivers the type of information useful for decision making and to educate decision-makers about correct uses and interpretations of model generated data. They will also hold workshops for representatives of other coastal communities in Southern California to disseminate the technological advances in a targeted way and broaden the impact of the work. There is growing awareness of global climate change in California, and public officials are increasingly willing to consider pragmatic steps to address adverse impacts. However, leadership is needed for coastal communities to take cost-effective action. The PIs aim to provide this leadership, using Newport Beach as a case study to show how model generated flood data can be integrated into GIS to support flood risk management. Local governments have invested considerable resources in GIS staff and data, so the models will provide added value to this investment. This project will also advance the science of urban flood inundation modeling, answering questions about the optimal use of new data types, the necessary level of coupling between surface, subsurface and wave models, and strategies for efficient modeling. These advances stand to improve urban flood risk management technology globally. Lastly, this project will include efforts to develop flood modeling skills among under-represented groups of undergraduate engineering students and to recruit talented students for graduate study at UC Irvine.