CAREER: Mitigation of Pollution Hazards in Ephemeral Streams and Estuaries; A Plan for Research and Education in Environmental Hydraulics

职业：减轻短暂河流和河口的污染危害；

• 批准号: 9984579
• 负责人: Brett Sanders
• 金额: $ 26万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-07-15 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9984579&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Mitigation; Pollution; Hazards; Ephemeral

9984579- SandersThis Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) research and education project considers a promising approach for identifying key components affecting pollution hazards in surface water systems. A central challenge in developing strategies for hazard mitigation is identifying the key components that contribute disproportionately to outcomes. When these components are known in advance, engineering approaches for hazard mitigation can then readily follow. The approach utilizes an adjoint sensitivity formalism applied to a time-dependent and depth-integrated formulation describing flow and pollutant transport in streams and estuaries.The adjoint formulation yields a quantitative description of how system outcomes are related to system components and control actions -- information that can be used to determine the key components. This approach is particularly useful for examining pollution hazards in streams and estuaries, because the unsteady and nonlinear flow obfuscates the relationship between field observations, system characteristics, and source controls.The approach used is applicable to a wide range of pollution problems in streams and estuaries such as eutrophication, toxicity, and pathogen issues. It is particularly attractive in arid coastal regions in central and southern California, where the ephemeral hydrology presents challenges to the implementation of the TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) process set forth by the Clean Water Act. As a result, the TMDL process for a wide range of pollutants, including organics, metals, and pathogens, has not proceeded in a straight forward manner. This new methodology is used to identify the key components affecting microbial pollution in the Santa Ana River Watershed. It is expected that this will lead to insight into the equitable assignment of TMDLs for microbial pollution in a coastal watershed, as well as a better understanding of the true utility of the methodology, and strategies to manage pollution via control of the key components.With regard to education, the Problem-Based Learning method (PBL) is implemented in undergraduate and graduate courses in environmental hydraulics, that is, hydrology, hydraulics, and pollutant transport. PBL was first developed in the field of medicine, and results indicate that it better prepares students for life-long learning than the didactic method commonly used in engineering. A hybrid version of PBL that combines the PBL and didactic format is being tested, the goal being to foster critical thinking, self-direction, and self-motivation skills, while ensuring that the essentials of each course are covered. The objective is to prepare students for the Engineer-in-Training(EIT) exam--an important step towards professional practice. Watershed characterization and design problems from the field site are employed as the basis for PBL. Students are required to not only seek out and understand engineering methods of design and analysis, but to assess what site-specific data are necessary for analysis, and how these data can be obtained using rapidly evolving information technologies.

9984579- sanders这个学院早期职业发展（Career）研究和教育项目考虑了一种有前途的方法来识别影响地表水系统污染危害的关键成分。制定减灾战略的一个核心挑战是确定对成果贡献过大的关键组成部分。当预先知道这些成分时，就可以很容易地采用减轻危害的工程方法。该方法利用伴随敏感性形式，将其应用于描述河流和河口中流量和污染物运输的时间依赖和深度集成公式。伴随公式产生了系统结果如何与系统组件和控制动作相关的定量描述——可用于确定关键组件的信息。这种方法对于检查河流和河口的污染危害特别有用，因为不稳定和非线性的流动模糊了现场观测、系统特征和源头控制之间的关系。所采用的方法适用于河流和河口的各种污染问题，如富营养化、毒性和病原体问题。它在加州中部和南部的干旱沿海地区尤其具有吸引力，在那里，短暂的水文对《清洁水法》规定的TMDL（总最大日负荷）过程的实施提出了挑战。因此，TMDL处理包括有机物、金属和病原体在内的各种污染物的过程并没有以直接的方式进行。这种新方法用于确定影响圣安娜河流域微生物污染的关键成分。预期这将导致深入了解沿海流域微生物污染的TMDLs的公平分配，以及更好地了解该方法的真正用途，以及通过控制关键组成部分来管理污染的战略。在教育方面，在环境水力学的本科和研究生课程中，即水文学、水力学和污染物输送课程中，实施了基于问题的学习方法（PBL）。PBL最初是在医学领域发展起来的，结果表明，它比工程领域常用的教学方法更好地为学生的终身学习做好准备。PBL的混合版本结合了PBL和教学形式正在测试中，目标是培养批判性思维，自我指导和自我激励技能，同时确保涵盖每门课程的要点。目标是让学生为培训工程师（EIT）考试做好准备，这是迈向专业实践的重要一步。来自现场的流域特征和设计问题被用作PBL的基础。学生不仅需要寻找和理解设计和分析的工程方法，还要评估分析需要哪些特定地点的数据，以及如何使用快速发展的信息技术获得这些数据。