OPERATION OF A COMMUNITY MARINE-ATMOSPHERIC SAMPLING FACILITY AT TUDOR HILL, BERMUDA

百慕大都铎山社区海洋大气采样设施的运行

• 批准号: 0825701
• 负责人: Andrew Peters
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0825701&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: OPERATION; COMMUNITY; MARINE; ATMOSPHERIC; SAMPLING

The marine troposphere plays important roles in the global geochemical cycles of many elements, in the global radiation budget, and in the global distribution of organic compounds, nutrients, microbes and pollutants. At present, many aspects of atmospheric composition, atmospheric transport, and atmosphere-ocean exchange remain poorly understood, thus limiting our ability to predict and mitigate the effects of anticipated future climate change. Central to improving our understanding of these topics is the ability to observe and sample the marine boundary layer. In this regard, oceanic island observatories have played a crucial role. By virtue of its location in the western North Atlantic Ocean, Bermuda has been a key location for numerous field studies of the marine troposphere. Bermuda is also well equipped for such field research, with the 23-m high atmospheric sampling tower and site laboratories that were established at Tudor Hill during the NSF-funded AEROCE program (1988-1998). With support from the NSF Chemical Oceanography and Atmospheric Chemistry Programs, the Tudor Hill tower and site laboratories were repaired and refitted in 2002-2003, and have since been operated and maintained as a community field research facility. Facility operations have included the collection of continuous meteorological data and weekly bulk-aerosol samples and rainwater samples, which are archived at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) and made freely available to the scientific community, as well as the collection of samples and data for a variety of external research projects funded by NSF, NOAA, NASA and other agencies. With funds from this renewal award, researchers at BIOS will continue to maintain, operate and upgrade this valuable community research facility over the period September 2008-August 2011. Specifically, they will: (1). operate and maintain a state-of-the-art marine atmospheric sampling and observing facility at Tudor Hill, Bermuda; (2). continue collection of continuous meteorological data and weekly bulk-aerosol and rain samples, which will be archived at BIOS and made freely available to other researchers; (3). collect additional atmospheric samples and data for external investigators, and provide for the use of the facility by external investigators; and (4). expand the capacity of the facility in terms of electrical power and tower sampling space. Modest facility-user fees will be requested for the collection of samples or data in addition to those specified in (2), above, or for other research use of the facility. Anticipated net revenue from these user fees (on the order of $10,000 per year) will be used to defray costs of site maintenance, equipment replacement, and additional technician support in the project period. Broader Impacts: In general terms, the continued operation and maintenance of the Tudor Hill site will facilitate research concerning the chemistry and physics of the marine troposphere and oceanatmosphere exchange processes -- topics that are central to international research initiatives such as IGAC, SOLAS and GEOTRACES. Such research is expected to improve our ability to predict and mitigate the effects of anticipated future climatic and environmental change. In a regional context, the Tudor Hill facility will complement ongoing time-series research in the Sargasso Sea, including Hydrostation S, BATS and the Oceanic Flux Program. Together, these programs promise significant advances in our understanding of oceanic and atmospheric processes. This project is expected to make significant educational contributions at a number of levels. Data and samples will be made available for use in graduate research projects, as they have been in the past. The Tudor Hill facility will also provide undergraduate education opportunities through the NSF-funded Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, and through undergraduate courses taught at BIOS. The Tudor Hill facility will continue to feature in BIOS public outreach activities, including public lectures, weekly tours, and the annual open-house day. In addition, there will be a new web page that will include general information on the Tudor Hill facility, as well as information and data for external research and education users.

海洋对流层在许多元素的全球地球化学循环、全球辐射收支以及有机化合物、营养物质、微生物和污染物的全球分布中发挥着重要作用。目前，大气成分、大气输送和大气-海洋交换的许多方面仍然知之甚少，因此限制了我们预测和减轻预期未来气候变化影响的能力。提高我们对这些主题的理解的核心是观察和采样海洋边界层的能力。在这方面，海洋岛屿观测站发挥了至关重要的作用。由于其在北大西洋西部的地理位置，百慕大一直是众多海洋对流层实地研究的关键地点。百慕大也为这种实地研究提供了良好的设备，在美国国家科学基金会资助的AEROCE项目（1988-1998）期间，在Tudor山建立了23米高的大气采样塔和现场实验室。在美国国家科学基金会化学海洋学和大气化学项目的支持下，都铎山塔和现场实验室于2002-2003年进行了修复和改造，并自那以后一直作为社区实地研究设施进行运营和维护。设施的运作包括收集连续的气象数据和每周的气溶胶和雨水样本，这些数据被存档在百慕大海洋科学研究所（BIOS），并免费提供给科学界，以及为由NSF、NOAA、NASA和其他机构资助的各种外部研究项目收集样本和数据。在2008年9月至2011年8月期间，BIOS的研究人员将继续维护、操作和升级这个有价值的社区研究设施。具体而言，他们将：(1)操作和维护百慕大Tudor山最先进的海洋大气采样和观测设施；(2)继续收集连续的气象数据和每周的气溶胶和雨水样本，这些数据将存档于BIOS，并免费提供给其他研究人员；（三）为外部调查人员收集额外的大气样品和数据，并为外部调查人员提供使用设施的条件；(4)在电力和塔取样空间方面扩大设施容量。除了上述(2)中规定的样本或数据的收集，或设施的其他研究用途，将要求适当的设施用户费用。这些用户费用的预期净收入（每年约为1万美元）将用于支付项目期间的场地维护、设备更换和额外技术人员支持费用。更广泛的影响：总的来说，都多山站点的持续运营和维护将促进有关海洋对流层和海洋大气交换过程的化学和物理的研究-这些主题是IGAC， SOLAS和GEOTRACES等国际研究计划的核心主题。这类研究有望提高我们预测和减轻预期的未来气候和环境变化影响的能力。在区域范围内，Tudor Hill设施将补充马尾藻海正在进行的时间序列研究，包括S站、BATS和海洋通量计划。总之，这些项目有望在我们对海洋和大气过程的理解方面取得重大进展。预计该项目将在若干层次上作出重大的教育贡献。与过去一样，数据和样本将提供给研究生研究项目使用。都铎山设施还将通过nsf资助的本科生研究经验（REU）计划和BIOS教授的本科课程提供本科教育机会。都铎山设施将继续在BIOS的公共宣传活动，包括公开讲座，每周参观，和每年的开放日特色。此外，还将有一个新的网页，其中将包括都铎山设施的一般信息，以及外部研究和教育用户的信息和数据。