AOC: Social Dynamics in Response to Shifting Immigration Policy and Practice: Latino Social Networks, Resource Flow, and Household Reorganization

移民是影响美国当代政策、实践和辩论的一个主要关注领域。作为大规模变革的推动者，有关移民的政策和观念的转变会波及社会网络，影响家庭安排和资源，这些安排和资源不仅影响个人，还影响家庭和整个社区。居住在同一个社区、家庭和家庭中的移民、入籍公民和本地人都能感受到这些影响。最近的研究表明，城市穷人之间的社会网络可能会受到宏观经济和政治不确定性和不稳定性的侵蚀，但相对而言，人们对这一过程是如何展开的知之甚少。明确的科学证据表明，人们如何受到这种政策转变的影响，可以为制定与移民有关的政策和做法提供证据，减少意外的负面后果。拥有社会学、人类学、人类生物学、地理学和人口学背景的项目小组调查了亚利桑那州凤凰城南部至少有一名说西班牙语的成年人的拉丁裔家庭。家庭是通过与拉丁裔社区教育工作者合作招募的，这些教育工作者在该地区享有盛誉。实地访谈由亚利桑那州立大学双语学生进行。研究人员使用一系列工具和方法，包括社会网络分析和数学模型，确定家庭是否以及如何重组以应对不断变化的移民政策和实践。该研究考察了将家庭成员彼此联系起来的社会网络和更大的网络，并对资源流向家庭成员的影响进行了建模，最终对家庭弹性和家庭成员的福祉产生了影响。然后应用基于主体的模型来检查未来移民观念和政策的大规模转变的潜在影响。通过关注社交网络的机制？在这个框架中，有关资源流动的决策是制定、发挥和约束的？该研究以新的、更明确的方式将家庭成员的福祉与家庭以外的社会政策变化联系起来。这个项目吗?美国独特的数据构建方法使得澄清移民执法或雇主制裁法律变化的可能性成为可能，这些变化可能会影响到这些政策可能直接针对的个人，也可能不会。在地方一级，数据、调查结果和有关的外联活动将有助于在目标社区内发展研究能力并提高公众认识。研究结果，例如确定哪些因素可以增强家庭稳定性以及如何利用社会网络将有限的资源转移到最需要的地方，与当地利益攸关方分享，以支持他们建立健康社区的目标。

Immigration is a major area of concern shaping contemporary policy, practice and debate in the United States. As a large scale agent of change, shifts in policy and perceptions concerning immigrants ripple through social networks, affecting household arrangements and resources that impact not only individuals, but families and whole communities. These impacts are felt by immigrants, naturalized citizens and natives who share the same communities, households and families. Recent research suggests that social networks among the urban poor can be eroded by macro-level economic and political uncertainty and instability, but comparatively little is known about how this process unfolds. Clear scientific evidence demonstrating how people are affected by such policy shifts can provide evidence for developing immigration-related policy and practice with fewer negative unintended consequences. With backgrounds in sociology, anthropology, human biology, geography and demography, the project team examined Latino households with at least one Spanish-speaking adult in south Phoenix, Arizona. Households were recruited by partnering with Latino community educators who are well-established in the area. Field interviews were conducted by bilingual students at Arizona State University. Using a range of tools and methods, including social network analysis and mathematical modeling, researchers determined if and how the households reorganized in response to changing immigration policy and practice. The study examined the social networks that link household members to each other and larger networks, and model the implications of this for the resource flows to household members and ultimately for household resiliency and the well-being of family members. Agent-based models were then applied to examine the potential impact of future large-scale shifts in immigration perceptions and policies.By focusing on the mechanism of social networks?as the framework in which decisions concerning resource flows are made, played out, and constrained?the study empirically ties well-being of household members to social policy shifts outside the household in new and more explicit ways. The project?s unique approach to data construction makes it possible to clarify the potential for changes in immigration enforcement or employer sanction laws to impact individuals who may or may not be directly targeted by these policies. At the local level, the data, findings, and related outreach activities will contribute to the development of research capacities within the target community and raise public awareness. Research findings, such as determining which factors enhance household stability and how social networks can be leveraged to move limited resources where they are most needed, were shared with local stakeholders to support their goals of building healthy communities.