Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Subsistence Change in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic in Southern Greece: Klissoura Cave 1 and its Context within the Mediterranean Basin

博士论文改进补助金：希腊南部旧石器时代中晚期的生计变化：Klissoura Cave 1 及其在地中海盆地内的背景

• 批准号: 0827294
• 负责人: Mary Stiner
• 金额: $ 1.44万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0827294&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Subsistence

In a dissertation research project conducted under the supervision of Dr. Mary Stiner, Britt Starkovich will study changes in human hunting strategies from the Middle through Upper Paleolithic (about 80,000 to 15,000 years ago) at Klissoura Cave 1 in Peloponnese, Greece. Klissoura Cave 1 contains the longest, most complete Pleistocene archaeological sequence that has been excavated to date in Greece. The Greek Paleolithic has thus far been understood from a small handful of sites, with much variation in the quality of archaeological deposits and subsequent excavations and publications. Klissoura Cave 1 is well-excavated and contains many intact cultural features and strata. Starkovichs in-depth analysis of the animal remains from the site would greatly enhance our knowledge about Paleolithic subsistence strategies in this part of the Mediterranean. Research on long-scale change in human diets is important in understanding adaptations that allowed our species to survive and flourish in a world of unpredictable climates and nutritional uncertainty. Much can be learned about the behaviors of past foragers based on their hunting decisions. Changes in subsistence over a long temporal sequence such as that at Klissoura can shed light on larger demographic, social or environmental changes. These shifts can be detected from trends in prey species representation and the body parts of large prey animals that were transported from a kill site to a home base, and the ages of the animals hunted. In considering changes in species representation, it is important to look at both small and large game. Shifts in small game use are often a more sensitive indicator of human dietary change, and possible related changes in human population densities. This project examines these indicators of changing human subsistence behavior, with special attention to small game, as well as potential non-human factors, such as carnivore damage or weathering, that may have degraded some of the archaeological materials and biased the assemblage. Beyond research questions of interest to social scientists, this project will have broader impacts in both the public and scientific realms. The Greek people have a long tradition of being interested in their past, but they have very little exposure to time periods before the temples and shrines of Classical Greece were built. The directors of the Klissoura project have reached an agreement with the Nafplio Museum, eastern Peloponnese, to create a public exhibition on the Paleolithic occupations of Peloponnese based on the findings from Klissoura Cave. Starkovich's results on the animal remains will be a significant part of in the display. The museum exhibition on Klissoura Cave will provide Greek people and the many international visitors to the museum with a deeper understanding about past. From a scientific standpoint, the Klissoura project is a large-scale collaborative effort, involving an international team from Greece, Poland, Belgium, Spain, and the United States, conducting interdisciplinary research on all aspects of the site. International collaborations are critical to scientific endeavors, because they allow researchers from different backgrounds and paradigms to interact and learn from one another and to have access to sites and technologies that would otherwise be unavailable without the larger group effort. NSF funding of this project will facilitate the training of a graduate student and forward the working relationships formed on the Klissoura project well into the future.

在玛丽斯廷纳博士的指导下进行的论文研究项目中，布里特斯塔科维奇将研究从旧石器时代中期到晚期（大约80，000年至15，000年前）希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛Klissura洞穴1的人类狩猎策略的变化。Klissoura 1号洞穴包含希腊迄今为止挖掘出的最长、最完整的更新世考古序列。希腊旧石器时代迄今为止已经从少数几个遗址中了解，考古学沉积物的质量以及随后的挖掘和出版物的质量差异很大。Klissoura Cave 1被挖掘得很好，包含许多完整的文化特征和地层。Starkovichs对该遗址动物遗骸的深入分析将大大增强我们对地中海这一地区旧石器时代生存策略的了解。对人类饮食的长期变化的研究对于理解适应性非常重要，这些适应性使我们的物种能够在不可预测的气候和营养不确定性的世界中生存和繁荣。根据过去觅食者的狩猎决定，我们可以了解到很多关于他们的行为。像Klissoura这样一个长时间序列中的生计变化可以揭示更大的人口、社会或环境变化。这些变化可以从猎物物种的代表性和大型猎物动物的身体部位，从一个杀戮现场运输到一个家庭基地，以及被猎杀的动物的年龄的趋势检测。在考虑物种代表性的变化时，重要的是要同时考虑小型和大型游戏。小型游戏使用的变化通常是人类饮食变化的更敏感指标，可能与人口密度的变化有关。该项目研究了这些变化的人类生存行为的指标，特别关注小游戏，以及潜在的非人类因素，如食肉动物的破坏或风化，可能会降低一些考古材料和偏见的组合。 除了社会科学家感兴趣的研究问题之外，该项目将在公共和科学领域产生更广泛的影响。希腊人民有着悠久的传统，对他们的过去感兴趣，但他们很少接触到古典希腊的寺庙和神殿建造之前的时期。Klissoura项目的负责人与伯罗奔尼撒东部的Nafplio博物馆达成协议，根据Klissoura洞穴的发现，创建一个关于伯罗奔尼撒旧石器时代职业的公开展览。斯塔科维奇对动物遗骸的研究结果将是展览的重要组成部分。Klissoura洞穴的博物馆展览将为希腊人民和许多参观博物馆的国际游客提供对过去的更深入了解。从科学的角度来看，克利苏拉项目是一项大规模的合作努力，涉及来自希腊，波兰，比利时，西班牙和美国的国际团队，对该网站的各个方面进行跨学科研究。国际合作对科学工作至关重要，因为它们使来自不同背景和范式的研究人员能够相互交流和学习，并能够获得如果没有更大的团队努力就无法获得的网站和技术。NSF对该项目的资助将促进研究生的培训，并将在Klissoura项目上形成的工作关系推向未来。