MOD - Transmission of Tacit Skills in East Asian Graduate Science Programs

MOD - 东亚研究生科学项目中隐性技能的传播

• 批准号: 0830137
• 负责人: Noriko Hara
• 金额: $ 6.42万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-10-01 至 2012-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0830137&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MOD; Transmission; Tacit; Skills; East

This project addresses a crucial area in the globalization of science: the transmission of skills to future scientists. It does this by examining doctoral training practices critical to the transmission of skills acquired through close interaction and hands-on experience, also known as 'tacit skills.' Although an under researched area in scientific training, 'tacit skills' play a crucial role in the creativity and innovation in experimental and mathematical sciences, laser and nuclear technology development. While there is a standard set of accepted scientific principles shared by most scientists, there are also differences in terms of what is learned and how it is taught. This project focuses on Japan, Singapore and Taiwan. Each of these countries has consistently exhibited high rates of innovation and productivity in recent years. However, while these countries have been successful in science education, each of them approaches the task of training scientists in various methods. The core hypothesis of the study is that student-mentor relationships significantly configure levels of scientific creativity, pioneering discoveries, technical innovation, and research productivity. The project's main goal is to develop an empirically tested and contemporary model of science that will inform science and innovation policy about the role of 'tacit skills' in knowledge production, and to enhance best practices in U.S. graduate science training. The project analyzes the different methods using analytical, conceptual, and methodological tools from the areas of knowledge sharing, social networks, and the extended translation model of science. While a component of the project will uncover the degree of codified knowledge that is taught by most standard text books and the mastery of this knowledge, the project also seeks to understand advanced knowledge acquisition and transmission through the study of graduate science training by exploring students' relationships with mentors and peers. Contemporary research has shown that the nature of informal educational practices is not only conducive to the acquisition of 'tacit skills' but enhances professional competencies. This Project not only advances understanding of how 'tacit skills' are transmitted, but also informs pedagogical programs, and generates 'best practices' in advanced scientific training that recognize the changing nature and morphology of knowledge production brought about by globalization. It enhances scientific manpower and infrastructure by establishing networks of collaborations across disciplinary boundaries among scientific institutions globally. This Project involves the active participation of students from underrepresented Hispanic populations located along the U.S.-Mexico border. This participation exposes and socializes these students to actual multicultural research work and to professional scientific careers critical to socioeconomic development of the U.S. southern border.

该项目涉及科学全球化中的一个关键领域：向未来的科学家传授技能。它通过考察博士培训实践来做到这一点，这些实践对于传递通过密切互动和实践经验获得的技能至关重要，这些技能也被称为“默契”。尽管在科学训练中是一个研究不足的领域，但在实验和数学科学、激光和核技术发展方面，“默契技能”在创造和创新方面发挥着至关重要的作用。虽然大多数科学家都有一套公认的标准科学原则，但在学到什么和如何传授方面也存在差异。这个项目的重点是日本、新加坡和台湾。近年来，这些国家中的每一个都一直表现出高创新率和高生产率。然而，尽管这些国家在科学教育方面取得了成功，但每个国家都以不同的方法完成了培训科学家的任务。这项研究的核心假设是，学生和导师的关系显著地影响了科学创造力、开创性发现、技术创新和研究生产率的水平。该项目的主要目标是开发一种经过经验检验的当代科学模式，为科学和创新政策提供信息，让他们了解“默契”在知识生产中的作用，并加强美国研究生科学培训的最佳实践。该项目使用分析、概念和方法论工具，从知识共享、社会网络和科学的扩展翻译模型等领域分析了不同的方法。虽然该项目的一个组成部分将揭示大多数标准教科书教授的编纂知识的程度以及对这些知识的掌握情况，但该项目还试图通过研究研究生科学培训，通过探索学生与导师和同行的关系来了解高级知识的获取和传播。当代研究表明，非正式教育实践的性质不仅有助于获得“默契”，还有助于提高专业能力。该项目不仅促进了对“默契”如何传播的理解，还为教学计划提供了信息，并在高级科学培训中产生了“最佳实践”，认识到全球化带来的知识生产的性质和形态的变化。它通过在全球科学机构之间建立跨学科边界的合作网络来加强科学人力和基础设施。该项目涉及来自美国-墨西哥边境地区未被充分代表的拉美裔人口的学生的积极参与。这种参与使这些学生接触到实际的多文化研究工作，以及对美国南部边境的社会经济发展至关重要的专业科学职业。