SGER: Seismic Monitoring of Active Rock Fall Source Areas in the Yosemite National Park

约塞米蒂国家公园和约塞米蒂山谷的独特环境带来了岩石福尔斯对每年数千名游客使用的主要设施和通道造成影响的重大风险。 去年冬天初步部署的地震检波器和加速度计捕获了一次岩石坠落事件，证明对罗克瀑布进行真实的实时监测是可行的。 本项目的目标是在该活动震源区附近（30 m）快速部署密集的仪器阵列，以评估能够监测与岩石坠落启动相关的岩石噪声的可行性，并确定仪器记录是否可用于定位噪声源，如在其他地震应用中所做的那样。 这项工作必须在夏天进行，以便安全进入现场。 此外，随着时间的推移，发生其他事件的可能性会降低，因此，及时反应是成功的关键。 总的来说，这是一个非常高风险和高潜在回报的努力，如果成功，可能会显着改变落石灾害的识别和监测方式。该项目在公共安全的许多方面都产生了广泛的影响，因为落石的危害不仅限于国家公园，特别是约塞米蒂。使用真实的时间仪器进行岩崩危险识别的可行性的论证将在其他领域如公路安全中得到应用。此外，我们对裂隙岩体的真实的时间特性知之甚少，这些数据应能很好地洞察岩体对气候（温度、湿度、压力）变化的长期行为。 此外，在约塞米蒂国家公园开展活跃的科学项目将提供一个机会，教育公众了解地质学、地震学和这一壮观景观的自然演变。

The unique setting of Yosemite National Park and the Yosemite Valley brings with it a significant risk of rocks falls impacting on major facilities and pathways used by thousands of visitors every year. A preliminary geophone and accelerometer deployment last winter captured a rock fall event demonstrating that of real time monitoring of rock falls is feasible. The objective of this project is to rapidly deploy a denser array of instruments in close vicinity (30 m) of this active source area in order to asses the feasibility of being able to monitor rock noise associate with rock fall initiation and to determine if the instrument records can be used to localize the source of the noise, as is done in other seismic applications. This work has to be done in the summer in order to get safe access to the site. In addition, as time passes the probability of additional events decreases and, therefore, timely response is essential for success. Overall, this is a very high risk and high potential payoff effort that, if successful, could significantly change the way rock fall hazards are identified and monitored. The project has a significant broader impact in many aspects of public safety, since rock fall hazards are not confined just to national parks and Yosemite, in particular. The demonstration of the feasibility of rock fall hazard identification using real time instrumentation will have application in other areas such highway safety. In addition, not much is known about the real time behavior of fractured rock masses and the data should provide an excellent insight into long term rock mass behavior to climatic (temperature, humidity, pressure) changes. Also, having active science project in Yosemite National Park will provide an opportunity to educate the general public about the geology, seismology, and natural evolution of this spectacular landscape.