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Dynamics of Water-Rock Interaction in Rock Scour

岩石冲刷中水岩相互作用的动力学

基本信息

批准号：
1363354
负责人：
Nicholas Sitar
金额：
$ 46万
依托单位：
University of California-Berkeley
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1363354&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dynamics Water Rock Interaction Scour

项目摘要

Scour of rock by running water is an important phenomenon in landscape evolution and it has been identified as a critical issue facing many of the world's dams. Field observations at numerous dam sites and in mountainous creek channels show that surprisingly large blocks of rock can be plucked from the stream channels by relatively small volume of water as long as it flows at sufficiently high velocity. In the case of dam spillways, several recent events have produced erosion that threatened the actual stability and safety of the dams themselves and resulted in very costly emergency actions. This research is an interdisciplinary effort aimed at developing a better physical understanding of the process. Laboratory experiments in a flume and field observations will be used to create a mathematical model for the evaluation and prediction of the severity of the process. The ultimate goal is to enhance the safety of existing dams by being able to predict the critical zones which need to be strengthened in order to prevent scour from developing. This effort is particularly important in view of the increasing extreme weather patterns being observed as a consequence of climate change. The broader impacts of the award will be a new understanding of landscape evolution by stream erosion, an improved understanding of the risks to dams as a result of potential overtopping and catastrophic flooding, and the introduction of new concepts in undergraduate and graduate earth science and engineering education.Current scour prediction models are limited to very-simple representation of the geometry and structure of the rock discontinuities in 2D, and do not adequately account for the effect of joint orientation on the removability of rock blocks. Furthermore, these approaches do not account for the potential for the kinematics of the block erosion/removal due to hydrodynamic forces beyond simple sliding or uplift. This research is an integrated program of laboratory and field studies to obtain high resolution field data, including velocity and dynamic water pressure measurements, from field prototype and scaled model hydraulic laboratory tests. The objective is to use the experimental and field data to develop a better understanding of the mechanics of scour of blocky rock masses and to develop appropriate analytical tools capable of capturing the dynamics of fluid-blocky rock interaction.

流水冲刷岩石是景观演变中的一个重要现象，已被认为是世界上许多大坝面临的一个关键问题。在许多坝址和山区溪流河道的实地观察表明，只要水流速度足够快，相对较小的水量就可以从溪流河道中抽走令人惊讶的大块岩石。就大坝溢洪道而言，最近发生的几起事件造成了侵蚀，威胁到大坝本身的实际稳定和安全，并导致了代价高昂的紧急行动。这项研究是一项跨学科的努力，旨在更好地了解这一过程。将利用水槽中的实验室实验和现场观测来建立数学模型，以评估和预测这一过程的严重性。最终目标是通过能够预测需要加强以防止冲刷发展的临界区来提高现有大坝的安全性。鉴于气候变化造成的极端天气模式日益增多，这一努力尤为重要。该奖项的更广泛影响将是对河流侵蚀景观演变的新理解，对潜在溢流和灾难性洪水对大坝风险的更好理解，以及在本科生和研究生地球科学和工程教育中引入新概念。目前的冲刷预测模型仅限于非常简单地表示岩石不连续面的二维几何和结构，没有充分考虑节理方向对岩块可去除性的影响。此外，这些方法没有考虑到除了简单的滑动或隆起之外，由于流体动力而导致的块体侵蚀/移除的运动学可能性。这项研究是一项实验室和现场研究相结合的计划，目的是从现场原型和水工模型试验中获得高分辨率的现场数据，包括速度和动水压力测量。其目的是利用实验和现场数据更好地了解块状岩体的冲刷机理，并开发能够捕捉流体-块状岩石相互作用动力学的适当分析工具。