Geotechnical Reconnaissance of the Effects of the January 17, 1995 Hyogo Nanbu Earthquake, Japan

9520204-1995年1月17日，日本兵库南部大地震对港口城市神户、邻近的大阪，甚至更远的京都造成了广泛的破坏。5000多人死亡，数千所住房和其他建筑被毁，近30万人流离失所。初步损失估计，这场灾难是本世纪日本损失最大的自然灾害。受影响地区的地质环境、地形、开发水平和类型表明，这里与旧金山湾区，特别是海沃德断层沿线地区非常相似。同样明显的是，地震的岩土方面也是相当重要的。加利福尼亚州最近发生的两次地震--洛马普里塔和北岭地震的经验表明，在地震发生后立即收集和记录尽可能多的信息是至关重要的，因为岩土数据往往非常容易腐烂。这项研究工作的目标是对受影响地区进行岩土勘察，并在后勤上尽可能多地收集和记录与地震的岩土有关的数据。评估的重点是：(1)液化和地面压实，以及与之相关的地面位移，(2)当地土壤条件对地面震动特征和破坏模式的影响，(3)天然斜坡的地震响应，(4)土结构和结构填土的地震响应，(5)土壤条件对港口设施性能的影响，以及(6)地表破裂对建筑物和生命线破坏的影响。这次勘察是与日本领先的岩土地震工程师合作计划的。该团队将迅速向美国研究界报告他们的发现；特别是通过南加州大学和加州大学伯克利分校的新的互联网马赛克服务器-这些服务器是专门为在岩土地震工程界共享信息而设立的。***

9520204 Sitar The January 17, 1995, Hyogo Nanbu Earthquake in Japan caused extensive damage in the port city of Kobe, in adjacent Osaka, and even in more distant Kyoto. Over 5000 people died, with thousands of dwellings and other structures destroyed, and with close to 300,000 people displaced. Preliminary damage estimates place this event as the most costly natural disaster in Japan in this century. The geologic setting, topography, and the level and the type of development in the affected area suggest that there is a great similarity to the San Francisco Bay area, and specifically to the region along the Hayward Fault. It is also apparent that the geotechnical aspects of the earthquake are quite significant. Experience from the two most recent California earthquakes, Loma Prieta and Northridge, shows that it is critical that as much information as possible be gathered and documented in the immediate aftermath of an event, since the geotechnical data is often highly perishable. The objective of this research effort is to perform a geotechnical reconnaissance of the affected region, and to gather and document as much data associated with the geotechnical aspects of the earthquake as logistically possible. Particular focus is directed towards assessing the following: (1) liquefaction and ground compaction, and associated ground displacement, (2) effect of local soil conditions on ground surface shaking characteristics and damage patters, (3) seismic response of natural slopes, (4) the seismic response of earth structures, and structural fills, (5) the influence of soil conditions on the performance of port facilities, and (6) the effect of surface rupture on damage to structures and lifelines. The reconnaissance is being planned in cooperation with the leading geotechnical earthquake engineers in Japan. The team will promptly report its findings tot he U.S. research community; especially via new Internet Mosaic servers at the University of Southern Ca lifornia and the University of California at Berkeley - servers set up specifically to share information within the geotechnical earthquake engineering community. ***