Resistance and tolerance of aspen to mammalian herbivores: Costs, benefits and selection in ontogenetic context

白杨对哺乳动物食草动物的抗性和耐受性：个体发生背景下的成本、收益和选择

• 批准号: 0841609
• 负责人: Richard Lindroth
• 金额: $ 53.77万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0841609&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Resistance; tolerance; aspen; mammalian; herbivores

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Interactions between browsing mammals and trees play key roles in shaping North American forest ecosystems. The nature of these interactions is likely governed by plant defense traits, such as chemical resistance, tolerance, and escape. Although the roles of these integrated defense syndromes have been extensively documented for herbivorous insects, relatively little comparable work has addressed impacts of browsing mammals. Developmental constraints on the efficacy of various defense traits likely differ between insects and mammals. Recent work with aspen (Populus tremuloides) has demonstrated strong developmental variation in resistance, and implicated mammals as instrumental in shaping the expression of defense in this foundation tree species. This project will investigate the costs, benefits, developmental constraints, and ecological and evolutionary consequences of multivariate defense systems (resistance, tolerance and escape) in aspen against browsing mammals. This work will employ a set of diverse aspen genotypes, grown in common garden studies and subjected to artificial and natural browsing, to determine the degree to which specific chemical compounds confer defense against browsing mammals, assess the costs and benefits of, and potential tradeoffs among, resistance, tolerance and escape in multiple environments, and evaluate the selective impact of browsing on the genetic structure of defense traits in an experimental population. Aspen is a widely distributed and economically important species in North America. This work should provide new insights and tools relevant to land managers and agencies working to maintain aspen in environments of decline throughout the Intermountain West. This research will also contribute to the training of undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students.

该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。浏览哺乳动物和树木之间的互动在塑造北美森林生态系统中起着关键作用。这些相互作用的性质很可能受植物防御性状（例如耐化学，耐受性和逃生）的控制。尽管这些综合防御综合征的作用已被广泛记录在草食性昆虫中，但相对较少的可比工作已经解决了浏览哺乳动物的影响。昆虫和哺乳动物之间对各种防御性状疗效的发展限制可能有所不同。与阿斯彭（Populus tremuloides）的最新研究表明，抗性的发育变化很大，并牵涉到塑造这种基础树种中防御表达的作用。该项目将调查Aspen中多元防御系统（抵抗，宽容和逃生）对浏览哺乳动物的成本，收益，发育约束以及生态和进化后果。这项工作将采用一组多种asspen基因型，在常见的园艺研究中生长，并经过人工和自然浏览，以确定特定的化合物在多种环境中赋予浏览哺乳动物的特定化合物对浏览哺乳动物的防御，评估多种环境中的抵抗，容忍和逃脱的范围，并在多种环境中进行抗衡的范围，并评估了对培养型的选择性影响，从而在培养范围内进行了任何范围的影响。阿斯彭（Aspen）是北美广泛分布且经济上重要的物种。这项工作应提供与土地管理者和代理机构相关的新见解和工具，以维持ASPEN在整个Intermountain West的衰落环境中。这项研究还将有助于对本科，研究生和博士后学生的培训。