Costs and Benefits of Anti-Herbivore Defenses in Aspen

阿斯彭反草食动物防御的成本和收益

• 批准号: 0074427
• 负责人: Richard Lindroth
• 金额: $ 35.3万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-15 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0074427&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Costs; Benefits; Anti; Herbivore; Defenses

0074427LindrothPlant defense against herbivory involves two principal traits: resistance and tolerance. A fundamental premise of plant defense theories is that such traits are costly, hence the existence of significant genetic variation in defense characteristics within plant populations. Demonstration of putative costs f defense however, has proved to be surprisingly difficult. Evidence supporting the notion of costs is equivocal and vanishingly small with respect to woody plant species. Over the last 15 years, research on quaking aspen has revealed (1) striking variation in susceptibility to outbreak insects, (2) equally striking genotypic variation in levels of phenolic glycosides, (3) phenolic glycosides reduce performance of aspen-feeding insects, (4) strong, environmentally-dependent trade-offs between growth and phenolic glycoside concentrations in aspen genotypes, and (5) preliminary evidence of genotypic variation in tolerance. The purpose of this research is to further investigate the costs and benefits of defense in the evolutionary ecology of aspen-insect interactions. One objective is to ascertain whether aspen resistance traits afford protection in experimental and natural settings. Levels of defoliation sustained by aspen genotypes are predicted to vary in inverse relation to phenolic glycoside concentrations. The experiment will be conducted in a common garden using clonally propagated aspen trees growing in nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich soil. Defoliation will be effected by addition of forest tent caterpillars. A second objective is to evaluate the independent and interactive roles of resistance and tolerance as defensive adaptations against herbivory. Aspen genotypes are predicted to exhibit costs of resistance and tolerance, and to exhibit negative genetic trade-offs between resistance and tolerance. This will be conducted in a common garden, with clonally propagated trees growing in nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich soils. This work is significant in that it will improve understanding of the evolution and ecology of plant defense against herbivores, and of factors constraining the evolution of defense systems. It constitutes the first in-depth, simultaneous evaluation of costs and benefits of chemical defense and tolerance in a woody plant. And, it involves species with expansive geographic ranges and pivotal ecological importance in early successional forests of North America.

0074427针对草食的植入植物防御涉及两个主要特征：抵抗和宽容。植物防御理论的一个基本前提是，这种特征是昂贵的，因此存在植物种群中国防特征的显着遗传差异。但是，推定的成本f防御的证明被证明是令人惊讶的困难。支持成本概念的证据在木本植物物种方面是模棱两可的，并且消失了。在过去的15年中，关于震动阿斯彭的研究揭示了（1）（1）爆发昆虫的敏感性差异，（2）同样引人注目（5）耐受性基因型变异的初步证据。这项研究的目的是进一步研究asspen侵入相互作用的进化生态学中国防的成本和收益。一个目的是确定在实验和自然环境中是否可以保护as植的抗性特征。预计由ASPEN基因型维持的脱叶水平与酚类糖苷浓度相反。该实验将在一个普通花园中使用克隆繁殖的白杨树在营养贫困和营养丰富的土壤中进行。脱叶剂将通过添加森林帐篷毛毛虫来实现。第二个目标是评估抵抗力和耐受性的独立和互动作用，作为对草食生物的防御适应。预计ASPEN基因型将表现出抵抗力和耐受性的成本，并在抗性和耐受性之间表现出负面的遗传折衷。这将在一个普通的花园中进行，克隆的树木在营养贫困和富含营养的土壤中生长。这项工作非常重要，因为它将改善对植物防御食草动物的进化和生态的理解，以及限制国防系统进化的因素。它构成了第一个深入的，同时评估木本植物中化学防御和耐受性的成本和收益。而且，它涉及在北美早期继承森林中具有广泛地理范围和关键生态重要性的物种。