Collaborative Research: Recovery and analysis of preserved Poaceae viruses to examine microbial dispersal and evolution during an era of global change

小麦、燕麦、大米和其他谷物是世界范围内人类社会的重要支柱。这些植物与其他禾本科植物沿着，提供了人类食用的大部分热量，无论是直接作为谷物，还是间接作为放牧动物生产的肉和奶。不幸的是，这些重要的禾本科植物受到几种植物病毒的困扰，包括大麦和谷物黄矮病毒，这些病毒破坏了世界范围内的谷物生产。这些病毒也危害野生草，并能促进入侵物种在自然界中的传播。像这样有影响力的病毒是如何出现的？是什么因素促成了它们的传播和多样化？为了找到病毒历史的线索，项目组将恢复和分析保存在世界各地历史上的干燥植物收藏中的旧病毒的遗传序列。对病毒的系统发育分析将揭示这些病毒如何随着时间的推移而传播，并允许估计其历史上关键事件的日期。这项研究还将提供有关人类对植物病毒传播影响的信息。人类农业发展和全球贸易可能是影响强效病毒出现和传播的两个因素。这项研究将提供过去关于病毒动态的缺失信息，并对人类活动影响病毒威胁发展的方式产生新的见解。该项目更广泛的影响将包括培训来自代表性不足群体的教育工作者和学生，通过科学博物馆为微生物生态学外展工作做出贡献，以及将有关病毒关系的信息添加到策展的植物收藏中。

Wheat, oats, rice, and other cereal grains are key pillars of human societies worldwide.Along with other members of the grass family, these plants provide the majority of thecalories humans eat, either directly as grains or indirectly as meat and milk produced bygrazing animals. Unfortunately, these important grasses are plagued by several familiesof plant viruses, including the barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses, which damagecereal grain production worldwide. These viruses also harm wild grasses and canadvance the spread of invasive species in nature. How have influential viruses likethese emerged and what factors have contributed to their spread and diversification? Tofind clues about virus history, the project team will recover and analyze geneticsequences of old viruses preserved within historical collections of dried plants aroundthe world. Phylogenetic analysis of the viruses will reveal how these viruses havespread over time and permit estimates of dates of key events in their history. Theresearch will also provide information on the influence of humans on the spread of plantviruses.Human development of agriculture and global trade are two factors that have likelyinfluenced the emergence and spread of potent viruses. This research will providemissing information about virus dynamics in the past and produce new insight into theways by which human activities influence the development of virus threats. Theproject's broader impact will include training of educators and students fromunderrepresented groups, contributions to microbial ecology outreach efforts through ascience museum, and the addition of information about virus relationships to curatedplant collections.NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONProposal AbstractProposal:0843140 PI Name:Malmstrom, CarolynPrinted