Rare-species advantage: consequences of phylogenetic and numerical rarity of hosts for disease pressure and pathogen communities

稀有物种优势：宿主的系统发育和数量稀有性对疾病压力和病原体群落的影响

• 批准号: 0842059
• 负责人: Gregory Gilbert
• 金额: $ 58.33万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0842059&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rare; species; advantage; consequences; phylogenetic

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Locally rare species are expected to have a survival advantage because rarity reduces their risk of damage from pathogens. This "rare-species advantage" may help maintain plant diversity in natural systems and explain how introduced plant species become invasive weeds. Plant species are considered rare if few individuals are present; this assumes pathogens are specialized on individual species. In fact, most pathogens are able to infect a variety of different hosts and closely related species are more likely to share a pathogen. Thus rarity is not simply a function of species density (numerical rarity), but of the combined density of species with which it shares a pathogen. The PIs will evaluate the relative importance of phylogeny and abundance in the rare-species advantage in seven plant communities along the Central Coast of California. They will measure disease prevalence, host ranges of pathogens, and the ability of the pathogens to reproduce on different hosts. Results will be compared to local host abundance and relatedness between host species, in the first attempt to evaluate how the overall structure of a plant community affects the amount of disease suffered by each species in the community. The project will provide ecological training for a postdoctoral fellow with a background in molecular biology, as well as train graduate and undergraduate students in both molecular and ecological research. Continued support for the UCSC Forest Ecology Research Plot will help extend substantial educational and research synergies. This research will inform policies that regulate international trade of plants and plant products. Finally, the results will shed new light on whether introduced species systematically escape natural enemies, an idea that is highly influential in the biological control of weeds and other aspects of introduced species policy.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。当地稀有物种预计将具有生存优势，因为稀有性降低了它们受到病原体损害的风险。 这种“稀有物种优势”可能有助于维持自然系统中的植物多样性，并解释了引入的植物物种如何成为入侵杂草。 植物物种被认为是罕见的，如果很少的个人存在;这假设病原体是专门针对个别物种。 事实上，大多数病原体能够感染各种不同的宿主，并且密切相关的物种更有可能共享病原体。 因此，稀有度不仅仅是物种密度（数量稀有度）的函数，而且是与其共享病原体的物种的组合密度的函数。PI将评估在沿着加州中央海岸的七个植物群落中，稀有物种优势的相对重要性。 他们将测量疾病的流行程度、病原体的宿主范围以及病原体在不同宿主上繁殖的能力。 结果将进行比较，以当地的主机丰富度和宿主物种之间的相关性，在第一次尝试，以评估植物群落的整体结构如何影响社区中的每个物种所遭受的疾病的数量。该项目将为具有分子生物学背景的博士后研究员提供生态学培训，并培训分子和生态学研究方面的研究生和本科生。 对UCSC森林生态研究地块的持续支持将有助于扩大实质性的教育和研究协同作用。 这项研究将为规范植物和植物产品国际贸易的政策提供信息。 最后，结果将揭示新的光引进物种是否系统地逃避天敌，一个想法，是非常有影响力的杂草生物防治和引进物种政策的其他方面。