CAREER: Statistical Learning as a Foundation for Lexical Development

职业：统计学习作为词汇发展的基础

• 批准号: 0847379
• 负责人: Katharine Graf Estes
• 金额: $ 68万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0847379&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Statistical; Learning; Foundation; Lexical

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).During the first years of life, infants learn a remarkable amount about the structure of their native language. The precocious nature of early language acquisition has motivated the exploration of the forces driving these amazing feats of learning. One promising mechanism is statistical learning, the process of detecting structure in the environment by tracking patterns present in the input. Recent investigations have revealed that infants possess powerful statistical learning capabilities that allow them to track patterns in the sounds and words of linguistic input. However, the manner in which infants use statistical learning to solve real challenges in language acquisition is not yet clear. This project investigates how infants use statistical learning to perform two fundamental tasks in early language development: detecting words in fluent speech and linking the sounds of words with meanings. The experiments incorporate several infant testing methodologies, including measures of word segmentation, object label learning tasks, and online measures of word learning and recognition. The experiments also integrate the use of carefully controlled artificial languages and natural native language statistical regularities to probe the robustness of statistical learning to inconsistency and acoustic variation, two hallmarks of natural speech that present significant challenges to the detection of statistical regularities. The findings from this project will shed light on how infants track the statistical regularities of their native language and how those regularities shape early language development. More broadly, this investigation will contribute to the understanding of the bases of language acquisition. Furthermore, revealing the nature of fundamental language acquisition mechanisms has significant implications for understanding the developmental course of language impairments. Characterizing the processes that drive early language acquisition in typically developing infants will inform the search for the bases of language deficits. In addition, this project integrates educational opportunities for students with the research program, specifically focusing on the recruitment of research assistants from promising high school students and undergraduates who belong to groups underrepresented in higher education and in research. Students will participate throughout the research process, from recruiting and testing participants to disseminating the results to the public and scientific communities. Involvement in a research group provides students with unique opportunities to develop strong academic ties and academic skills, to participate in mentoring relationships, and to develop new ways of thinking.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。在生命的最初几年，婴儿学习了大量关于母语结构的知识。早期语言习得的早熟性激发了人们对推动这些惊人学习成就的力量的探索。一种有前途的机制是统计学习，即通过跟踪输入中存在的模式来检测环境中的结构的过程。最近的研究表明，婴儿拥有强大的统计学习能力，使他们能够跟踪语言输入的声音和单词的模式。然而，婴儿使用统计学习来解决语言习得中真实的挑战的方式尚不清楚。该项目研究婴儿如何使用统计学习来执行早期语言发展中的两项基本任务：检测流利语音中的单词以及将单词的声音与含义联系起来。实验纳入了几个婴儿的测试方法，包括分词措施，对象标签学习任务，和在线措施的单词学习和识别。实验还集成了使用精心控制的人工语言和自然母语的统计学习，以探索统计学习的鲁棒性不一致性和声学变化，自然语音的两个标志，提出了显着的挑战，以检测统计学习。该项目的发现将揭示婴儿如何跟踪其母语的统计数据，以及这些数据如何影响早期语言发展。更广泛地说，这项研究将有助于理解语言习得的基础。此外，揭示语言习得的基本机制对于理解语言障碍的发展过程具有重要意义。描述典型发育中的婴儿早期语言习得的过程将为寻找语言缺陷的基础提供信息。此外，该项目将学生的教育机会与研究方案相结合，特别侧重于从有前途的高中生和本科生中招聘研究助理，这些学生属于高等教育和研究中代表性不足的群体。学生将参与整个研究过程，从招募和测试参与者到向公众和科学界传播结果。参与研究小组为学生提供了独特的机会，以发展强大的学术联系和学术技能，参与指导关系，并发展新的思维方式。