SGER: Collaborative Research - Mechanisms behind non-Redfieldian P Cycling in Water Masses of the Southern Ocean, New Insights from X-ray Spectromicroscopy and Electrodialysis

在全球大部分海洋中，氮(N)与磷（Redfield）的比例是非常恒定的，无论是在海水中这些营养物质的浓度还是在它所支持的浮游生物物种中。亚南极模态水是一种对流形成的下降水类型，其异常均匀的性质可识别，许多研究表明，高纬度P循环从雷德菲尔德平衡改变，导致与低纬度水域相比，P异常丰富。基于同步加速器的x射线光谱显微镜将用于化学表征和空间地图，在亚微米尺度上，生物和海洋颗粒中几种P形式（如多磷酸盐，有机P化合物）的丰度。这些样本将沿着I/B奥登号从蓬塔阿雷纳斯（Punta Arenas）到麦克默多站（McMurdo Station）途经别林斯高森（Bellingshausen）、阿蒙森（Amundsen）和罗斯海（Ross Sea）地区的巡航轨迹采集，并将提供一组来自偏远且未充分研究的冰架和冰下生态系统的独特数据。南极大洋磷状态的表征有望进一步揭示南大洋磷生物地球化学的各个方面。除了使用新颖的表征技术（可能导致南大洋P化学方面的变革性重述）外，该项目还符合SGER的另一个标准，即代表对瑞典破冰船I/B Oden从Punta Arenas到McMurdo经过Bellingshausen、Amundsen和罗斯海的样带提供的国际现场活动机会的快速响应。

In much of the global ocean the (Redfield) ratio of nitrogen (N) to P is remarkably constant, both in the concentrations of these nutrients in seawater and in the plankton species that it supports. A number of studies of sub-Antarctic mode water, a convectively formed descending water type identifiably by its exceptionally uniform properties, suggest that high latitude P cycling is altered from the Redfield balance resulting in unusually enriched P compared to low latitude waters . Synchrotron based x-ray spectromicroscopy will be used to chemically characterize and spatially map, at sub micron dimensions, the abundance of several P forms (e.g. polyphosphates, organo-P compounds) in organisms and marine particulates. These samples will be taken along the cruise track of the I/B Oden as it transits from Punta Arenas to McMurdo Station, through the Bellingshausen, Amundsen and Ross Sea regions,and which will provide a unique data set from a remote and understudied ice shelf and under-ice ecosystem. Characterization of Antarctic ocean P status is expected to shed further light upon aspects of Southern Ocean P biogeochemistry. As well as using novel characterization techniques, which may lead to a transformative restatement of aspects of Southern Ocean P chemistry, this project meets an additional SGER criteria of representing a quick response to an international field campaign opportunity afforded by the transect of the Swedish ice breaker I/B Oden from Punta Arenas to McMurdo through the Bellingshausen, Amundsen and Ross Seas.