SGER: Social Informatics of Surface Computing

这个项目探索了一种新的方法来分析联邦对基础计算机和信息科学研究的资助所产生的影响。从事这项工作的动机是对美国国家科学院计算机科学和电信委员会(CSTB，2003)开发的一系列图表的回应。这些图表详细描述了从联邦政府对基础研究的适度资助到计算的联系，以及部分由于这项研究产生的技术创新而出现的令人印象深刻的10亿美元行业。这项工作将扩展CSTB图表，展示人力资本的发展和演变，目前所描绘的技术创新正是通过人力资本的发展和演变而产生的。它将突出人力资本的发展和价值，智力共同体的形成，以及学者之间的社会联系和关系网络，为学术发展提供资金，改善技术转让，并放大国家资助计算研究的价值。这项研究将在社会信息学传统中进行。也就是说，在多个层次的分析中进行探究，在宏观利益和详细的微观分析之间移动。宏观利益是计算机技术创新产生的科学共同体的发展和演变，重点是人力资本的发展是如何由技术创新和情景环境塑造和塑造的。详细的微观分析将是最近宣布的微软计算表面的开发(参见http://www.microsoft.com/surface/).这项活动的智力价值有两个方面：1)更好地洞察联邦资金的增长、演变和作用，以培育和维持人力资本和智力社区，推动推动美国经济的技术创新。明确产生创新的社会和技术活动的状况、相互依存和不断演变的模式。这一活动至少产生了两个更广泛的影响：1.)通过强调支持技术创新的人力资本和知识界的发展，为联邦资助计算机基础研究的重要性提供经验性见解和支持，2.)展示产业界和学术界之间技术转让的形式和水平，以及联邦资金在支持这些活动中所起的作用。

This project explores a new approach to analyzing the impacts derived from Federal funding for basic computer and information science research. The motivation for pursuing this work comes in response to a series of charts developed by the Computer Sciences and Telecommunications Board of the National Academies of Science (CSTB, 2003). These charts detail the connections from modest levels of Federal funding of basic research into computing and the impressive number of $1 Billion industries that have emerged due in part to the technological innovations that arise from this research.This work will expand the CSTB charts to showcase the development and evolution of the human capital through which the technological innovations currently depicted arise. It will bring to the foreground the development and value of the human capital, the formation of intellectual communities, and the social ties and networks of relations among scholars that provide a vehicle to inform funding for scholarly development, improve technology transfer, and amplify the value to the Nation for funding computing research.This research will be done in the social informatics tradition. That is, inquiry at multiple levels of analysis, moving between macro-scale interests and detailed micro-scale analyses. The macro-scale interests are the development and evolution of the scientific communities from which technological innovations in computing arise, focusing on the ways in which the development of human capital is shaped by, and shapes, the technological innovations and situated contexts. The detailed micro-scale analysis will be the development of the recently announced Microsoft computing surface (see http://www.microsoft.com/surface/). The intellectual merit of this activity is twofold: 1.) Develop better insights into the growth, evolution and role of Federal funding to nurture and sustain the human capital and intellectual communities from which arise the technological innovations that drive the U.S. economy, 2.) Make clear the situated, mutually-interdependent, and evolving patterns of social and technological activities from which innovations arise. There are at least two broader impacts that arise from this activity: 1.) Provide empirical insights and support for the importance of Federal funding for basic research into computing by highlighting the development of the human capital and intellectual communities that support technological innovation, 2.) Showcasing the forms and levels of technology transfer among industry and academe, and the roles that Federal funding plays in supporting these activities.